Association of serum vitamin D levels with gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: This study was done to evaluate the association of serum vitamin D level with GDM (n=30) and without GDM (n=30). The age and body mass index of the participants along with their gestational age, gravidity and parity were harmonized. The serum vitamin D levels and blood glucose were investigated. The results revealed that, normal pregnant women had significantly higher vitamin D level than their GDM counterparts.Methods: This case-control study was conducted on healthy pregnant women attending routine antenatal care at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university from January 2019 to December 2019 recruited at third trimester of gestation. We measured maternal serum vitamin D status (25[OH]D) in third trimester of pregnancy. GDM was diagnosed according to the American diabetes association. guidelines. Vitamin D status was defined as, vitamin D sufficiency (≥30 or ≥75 nmol/L), insufficiency (20-30 and 50-75 nmol/L), were used to categories participants according to their 25[OH]D concentrations. We calculated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression.Results: The mean serum vitamin D level was lower in case group case 23.4 (17.4±35.1) compared to that in control group 29.7 (15.4±39.8) and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (p≤0.001). Sufficient level of vitamin D was more in control group (66.7%) than that of case group (26.1%). Insufficient level of vitamin D was higher in case (73.3%) group than that of control (33.3%) group. These findings were significant (p=0.021). Respondents with insufficient level of vitamin D have 3.1 times more chance to develop GDM.Conclusions: Serum vitamin D level is reduced in pregnant women having GDM.

Association of 25(OH)D levels in pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus

“…In research conducted by Zhang et al (2008), Tacoma (2013), Liu et al (2011) and Mahmood (2021), similar results were also obtained that vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency was evident in women who developed GDM was compared in controls, which is consistent with most of the cross-sectional and case-control studies discussed in which GDM patients were more likely to be vitamin D deficient or have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In Zhang et al's study, there was a 2.66 x risk of developing GDM in subjects with vitamin D deficiency. Based on research conducted by Zhang, et al in 2015 showed a consistent relationship between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of GDM.…”

“…Vitamin D also has important functions in pregnancy such as maintaining the balance of glucose metabolism, controlling inflammation and infection responses. Several studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency is also associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, low birth weight, and premature birth (Mahmood et al, 2021).…”