Association of serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9) concentrations and idiopathic hyperlipidemia in Miniature Schnauzers

Abstract

Background Idiopathic hyperlipidemia (IH) is a common condition in Miniature Schnauzers (MS). Studies in people have linked IH to low‐grade inflammation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IH complications. The role of inflammation in MS with IH is unknown. Objective Evaluation of the inflammatory markers serum calprotectin and S100A12 in MS with IH and in response to dietary intervention for IH management. Animals One‐hundred fifty clinically healthy MS. Methods Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, calprotectin, and S100A12 concentrations were measured before and after placing the dogs on an ultra‐low fat diet. Results Hypertriglyceridemia (HTGL, P < .001) and hypercholesterolemia (HCHOL, P = .01) were independently associated with increased serum calprotectin but not S100A12 concentrations. Compared to normolipidemic MS, serum calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in MS with HTGL (P < .001) or combined hyperlipidemia (P = .02), but not those with isolated HCHOL (P = 1.0000). Presence (P = .005) and severity (P = .003) of HTGL and serum cholesterol concentrations (P = .04) decreased in MS with IH within 14‐26 weeks after being placed on the ultra‐low fat diet, but neither serum calprotectin nor S100A12 concentrations changed significantly with this dietary intervention. Conclusions and clinical importance Subclinical (low‐grade) inflammation appears to be present in some MS with IH, and an ultra‐low fat diet does not decrease serum concentrations of inflammatory proteins in those dogs. Whether this presumed inflammatory phenotype in MS with IH is associated with the development of IH complications (eg, insulin resistance) requires further research.

Associations among serum insulin, calprotectin, and C‐reactive protein concentrations in Miniature Schnauzers with idiopathic hyperlipidemia before and after feeding an ultra‐low‐fat diet

“…In humans, some studies have found no differences between HTGL types and the severity of IR, 34 whereas others have found that the severity of IR is associated with the lipid phenotype. 32 The finding of opposite changes in serum insulin and calprotectin concentrations after successful dietary intervention, as already shown in our previous study, 18 differs from studies in humans with obesity and weight loss, 35,36 and indicates that subclinical inflammation is not strictly associated with IR in MS with HTGL.…”

“…Serum was available from 149/150 MS from our previous study 18 . Seventy of the 149 (47%) healthy MS in this study were diagnosed with HTGL.…”

“…In addition, improvement of HOMA‐IR scores to a level associated with remission of diabetes mellitus in humans is accompanied by a decrease in serum calprotectin and CRP concentrations 17 . Recently, an association between HTGL and subclinical inflammation in MS also has been reported 18 . In that study, MS with HTGL had increased serum calprotectin concentrations compared to normolipidemic MS 18 .…”

“…These serum samples had been collected as part of a different study. 18 The inclusion criteria for dogs in this group were: Laboratories, Westbrook, ME). Testing was performed to evaluate dogs for the possibility of having HTGL secondary to other conditions including hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, and pancreatitis.…”

Is canine calprotectin in serum stabile after storage at low temperature?

“…Hemolytic samples were excluded because hemolysis can non-specifically elevate calprotectin levels in serum [ 20 ] and hyperlipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia were associated with increased calprotectin concentrations in miniature schnauzers [ 21 ].…”