Association of Self-Rated Pain with Clinical Peri-Implant Parameters and Cytokine Profile in Smokers and Never Smokers with and without Peri-Implantitis

Alshahrani, Faris A.; Alqarawi, Firas K.; Alqutub, Montaser N; AlMubarak, Abdulrahman M; AlHamdan, Eman M.; Al-Saleh, Samar; Ahmad, Paras; Vohra, Fahim; Abduljabbar, Tariq

doi:10.3390/app11125559

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Moreover, this result supports the hypothesis that CSF-1 increases bone loss, which is one of the differential consequences of periodontitis. Tissue destruction in periodontitis indicates an insufficient resolution of inflammation as a result of immune cell dysfunction, which is another potential indicator of the role of CSF-1 in periodontal diseases [ 27 28 ]. Ma et al [ 29 ] concluded that IL-34 might be associated with inflammation in periapical lesions in chronic apical periodontitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gingival crevicular fluid CSF-1 and IL-34 levels in patients with stage III grade C periodontitis and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dikilitaş

Karaaslan

Evirgen

et al. 2022

J Periodontal Implant Sci

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Purpose Periodontal diseases are inflammatory conditions that alter the host’s response to microbial pathogens. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease that affects the incidence and severity of periodontal diseases. This study investigated the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34) in patients with stage III grade C periodontitis (SIII-GC-P) and stage III grade C periodontitis with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (SIII-GC-PD). Methods In total, 72 individuals, including 24 periodontally healthy (PH), 24 SIII-GC-P, and 24 SIII-GC-PD patients, were recruited for this study. Periodontitis patients (stage III) had interdental attachment loss (AL) of 5 mm or more, probing depth (PD) of 6 mm or more, radiographic bone loss advancing to the middle or apical part of the root, and tooth loss (<5) due to periodontal disease. Radiographic bone loss in the teeth was also evaluated; grade C periodontitis was defined as a ratio of the percentage of root bone loss to age greater than 1.0. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), presence of bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and clinical AL were used for clinical periodontal assessments. GCF samples were obtained and analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results All clinical parameters—PD, AL, GI, BOP, and PI—were significantly higher in the SIII-GC-PD group than in the PH and SIII-GC-P groups for both the full mouth and each sampling site ( P <0.05). The total IL-34 and CSF-1 levels were significantly higher in the SIII-GC-PD group than in the PH and SIII-GC-P groups ( P <0.05), and there were significant differences between the periodontitis groups ( P <0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that IL-34 and CSF-1 expression increases in patients with SIII-GC-PD. CSF-1 was associated with the inflammatory status of periodontal tissues and T2DM, while IL-34 was associated only with T2DM. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04891627

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%