Association of Salivary Human Papillomavirus Infection and Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Rapado‐González, Óscar; Martínez-Reglero, Cristina; Salgado‐Barreira, Ángel; Rodríguez-Fernández, Almudena; Aguín-Losada, Santiago; León‐Mateos, Luis; Muinelo‐Romay, Laura; López‐López, Rafael; Suárez‐Cunqueiro, María Mercedes

doi:10.3390/jcm9051305

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…High-risk (HR) HPV types (predominantly HPV16 and HPV18) cause cancer of the cervix, 4 its pathogenic role has also been demonstrated by others with oropharyngeal cancers. 5 6 Persistent infection with HPV16 is the major cause of anal cancer. 7 8 While the burden of HPV-related disease in all men is lower than in all women, certain at-risk groups such as MSM and transgender women, 9 10 and particularly those with HIV infection, 7 are at HR for HPV infection, and related anal cancer and its precursor high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anal human papillomavirus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with and without HIV in Pakistan: findings from a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection, genotypes and risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women living with and without HIV in Pakistan. Anal infection with HPV is very common worldwide among MSM, particularly among MSM living with HIV. The high prevalence of HIV among MSM and male-to-female transgendered individuals in Pakistan is a significant health concern since access to screening and health-seeking is often delayed in this stigmatised key population.DesignThis cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2016 and November 2017.Participants, setting and data collectionThis study recruited MSM and transgender-women who self-reported to have had anal sex in the last 6 months, and were at least 18 years of age, from the sexual health and antiretroviral therapy centres. Structured questionnaires were administered, and blood samples were obtained to confirm HIV status. Anal swabs were collected for HPV-DNA detection and typing.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the prevalence of ‘HPV-DNA infection’. The prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard model algorithms to analyse the association between exposure variables and HPV-infection.ResultsComplete data were available for 298 MSM and transgender women (HIV +n=131; HIV−n=167). The overall HPV-DNA prevalence was 65.1% and was higher in participants living with HIV as compared with HIV-negative (87% vs 48%; χ2p≤0.001). Likewise, 28.9% of participants living with HIV were infected with two or more than two types of HPV as compared with 18.8% participants without HIV(χ2 p≤0.001). The most frequent HPV type was HPV6/11 (46.9%), followed by HPV16 (35.1%), HPV18 (23.2%) and HPV35 (21.1%). HIV status (PR 2.81, 95% CI 2.16 to 3.82) and never condom use (PR 3.08, 95% CI 1.69 to 5.60)) were independently associated with prevalence of ‘anal-HPV16 infection’ when adjusting for confounding for age, other sexual and behavioural factors, for example, smoking and alcohol consumption.ConclusionHigh prevalence of HPV indicates a substantial future risk of anal cancer in Pakistani MSM and transgender women, and particularly in those living with HIV. Current findings support anal Pap-smear HPV screening for this particular group and vaccination efforts for future generations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anal human papillomavirus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with and without HIV in Pakistan: findings from a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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“…[18] Certain immunological factors, infections involving human papillomavirus, Candida albicans, hepatitis C virus, and immunosuppressive medications such as topical corticosteroids for treating local OLP lesions, have been identified as possible risk factors for the malignant transformation of OPMDs. [19][20][21][22] One explanation for these findings is that inflammatory infiltrates cause oxidative stress, which leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines that activate transcription factors in the premalignant cells. Taiwanese indigenous peoples and non-indigenous cohort, by OPMD subtype, age, gender, and betel nut chewing status, was based on previous observational studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders in Taiwanese indigenous peoples: A nationwide retrospective cohort study

et al. 2022

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Malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) is a potential cause of oral cancer. Currently, there is no research investigating the rate of malignant transformation of OPMDs into oral cancer in indigenous Taiwanese peoples. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate whether ethnicity (indigenous vs non-indigenous people) plays a role in increasing the malignant transformation rate of OPMDs into oral cancer. This study used data from the oral mucosal screening database and the Cancer Registry File, both of which originated from the National Health Insurance Research Database. We matched the baseline characteristics to control for confounding factors between indigenous peoples and non-indigenous peoples (17,768 indigenous subjects vs 71,072 non-indigenous subjects; 1:4 match) and compared the 2 cohorts. After matching for confounding factors such as age, sex, habits, and OPMD subtype, the malignant transformation rate was not statistically higher for indigenous people than for non-indigenous people. We also discovered that indigenous people with oral verrucous hyperplasia might have a higher chance of malignant transformation into oral cancer than the non-indigenous cohort. We conclude that ethnicity is not a risk factor for the malignant transformation of OPMDs into oral cancer; however, indigenous people with oral verrucous hyperplasia need to pay special attention and are suggested to undergo regular follow-ups for the occurrence of oral cancer.

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“…A growing body of evidence has suggested various means for establishing reliable and effective biomarkers for liquid biopsy screenings [ 24 , 25 ]. Due to the variability in standardized biomarkers, such as oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection [ 26 , 27 ], focus has recently been placed on validation of exosomal and extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs as potential biomarkers for liquid biopsy cancer screening, including those of oral cancers [ 28 , 29 ]. Based on this information, the primary objective of this study was to determine if oral cancers produce exosomes or extracellular vesicles containing miR-365, which might be useful as a potential screening tool, as was recently demonstrated in advanced breast cancers [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-365 (microRNA): Potential Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles

Coon

Kingsley

Howard

2020

IJMS

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Introduction: miR-365 is a non-coding microRNA that regulates transcription and has been demonstrated to promote oncogenesis and metastasis in some cancers, while suppressing these effects in others. Many microRNAs are produced and then exported extracellularly in exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 100 nm that are found in eukaryotic fluids and facilitate many cellular functions. Exosomes and extracellular vesicles are produced by many cell types, including oral cancer cells—although no study to date has evaluated miR-365 and oral cancer exosomes or extracellular vesicles. Based on this information, our research question was to evaluate whether oral cancers produce exosomes or extracellular vesicles containing miR-365. Materials and Methods: Two commercially available oral cancer cell lines (SCC25 and CAL27) and a normal oral keratinocyte (OKF4) were grown in serum-free media, supplemented with exosome-depleted fetal bovine serum. Extracellular vesicles and exosomes were then isolated using the Invitrogen total exosome RNA and protein isolation kit for processing using the hsa-miR-365a-5p microRNA qPCR assay kit. Results: RNA was successfully isolated from the exosome-depleted supernatant from each cell line—SCC9, SCC15, SCC25, and CAL27 (oral squamous cell carcinomas) and OKF4 (oral epithelial cell line). Relative concentrations of RNA were similar among each cell line, which were not significantly different, p = 0.233. RNA quality was established by A260:A280 absorbance using a NanoDrop, revealing purity ranging 1.73–1.86. Expression of miR-16 was used to confirm the presence of microRNA from the extracted exosomes and extracellular vesicles. The presence of miR-365 was then confirmed and normalized to miR-16 expression, which demonstrated an increased level of miR-365 in both CAL27 and SCC25. In addition, the normalized relative quantity (RQ) for miR-365 exhibited greater variation among SCC25 (1.382–4.363) than CAL27 cells (1.248–1.536). Conclusions: These results confirm that miR-365 is not only expressed in oral cancer cell lines, but also is subsequently exported into exosomes and extracellular vesicles derived from these cultures. These data may help to contextualize the potential for this microRNA to contribute to the phenotypes and behaviors of oral cancers that express this microRNA. Future research will begin to investigate these potential mechanisms and pathways and to determine if miR-365 may be useful as an oral cancer biomarker for salivary or liquid biopsies.

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Association of Salivary Human Papillomavirus Infection and Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Anal human papillomavirus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with and without HIV in Pakistan: findings from a cross-sectional study

Anal human papillomavirus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with and without HIV in Pakistan: findings from a cross-sectional study

Malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders in Taiwanese indigenous peoples: A nationwide retrospective cohort study

miR-365 (microRNA): Potential Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles

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