Association of Rhinovirus Infection with Poor Bacteriologic Outcome of Bacterial-Viral Otitis Media

Sung, Bin Sheng; Chonmaitree, Tasnee; Broemeling, Lyle D.; Owen, Mary; Patel, Janak A.; Hedgpeth, Dawn; Howie, Virgil M.

doi:10.1093/clinids/17.1.38

Cited by 51 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Notably, the presence of rhinovirus in middle ear fluid was associated with a significantly higher antibiotic failure rate (78%) than that associated with many other viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (30%), enterovirus (17%), influenza virus (11%), and parainfluenza virus (10%). 36 Similar findings have been reported in other studies. 37,38 …”

Section: Acute Otitis Media and Rhinovirus Infectionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Respiratory Consequences of Rhinovirus Infection

Greenberg¹

2003

Arch Intern Med

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Rhinoviruses, a genus of the family Picornaviridae, are the cause of more than 50% of respiratory tract infections. Complications of rhinovirus infections, which include otitis media, sinusitis, exacerbations of asthma, and other pulmonary diseases, can be significant in certain populations. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction has allowed the identification of rhinoviruses and led to a greater appreciation of the role of this pathogen in upper and lower respiratory tract disease. Furthermore, antiviral agents with broad activity against rhinoviruses have recently been developed, have undergone clinical trials, but have not been approved for clinical use. By altering the clinical course of picornavirus infections, it may be possible to minimize their potential adverse consequences.

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Section: Acute Otitis Media and Rhinovirus Infectionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Respiratory Consequences of Rhinovirus Infection

Greenberg¹

2003

Arch Intern Med

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“…HRV has also been detected in the MEF; one recent study reported a high HRV detection rate in 58 % from children with a history of recurrent AOM [44]. HRV has also been associated with poor bacteriologic outcome for AOM treated with antibiotics, compared to other respiratory viruses [45]. …”

Section: Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral–Bacterial Interactions in Acute Otitis Media

Marom

Nokso-Koivisto

Chonmaitree

2012

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Acute otitis media (AOM) is a polymicrobial disease, which usually occurs as a complication of viral upper respiratory tract infection (URI). While respiratory viruses alone may cause viral AOM, they increase the risk of bacterial middle ear infection and worsen clinical outcomes of bacterial AOM. URI viruses alter Eustachian tube (ET) function via decreased mucociliary action, altered mucus secretion and increased expression of inflammatory mediators among other mechanisms. Transient reduction in protective functions of the ET allows colonizing bacteria of the nasopharynx to ascend into the middle ear and cause AOM. Advances in research help us to better understand the host responses to viral URI, the mechanisms of viral–bacterial interactions in the nasopharynx and the development of AOM. In this review, we present current knowledge regarding viral–bacterial interactions in the pathogenesis and clinical course of AOM. We focus on the common respiratory viruses and their established role in AOM.

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“…Human milk contains various factors with known antiviral or antibacterial activity in vitro [1,4]. Recently, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and, more particularly, rhinoviruses have been implicated in predisposing infants to and causing otitis media [5,6]. Rhinoviruses also cause middle ear problems in adults [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of antimicrobial factors in human milk on rhinoviruses and milk-borne cytomegalovirus in vitro

Clarke

May

2000

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Various antimicrobial factors present in human milk were tested for in-vitro antiviral activity against three rhinoviruses (two clinical isolates and rhinovirus 2) and an isolate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) from human milk. These factors included the gangliosides GM1, 2 and 3, sialyl-lactose, chondroitin sulphates A, B and C, prostaglandins E2 and F2á, monolaurin, vitamin A and the protein lactoferrin. All were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of the viruses in cell culture. Human milk was also tested for antiviral activity against these viruses. Only vitamin A, monolaurin and lactoferrin inhibited the growth of CMV, whereas both prostaglandins enhanced the growth of this virus at least four-fold. CMV infects infants from milk but, nevertheless, the milk-borne CMV isolate showed no special resistance to any of the antiviral factors tested. None of the compounds inhibited or enhanced the growth of the rhinoviruses. However, human milk decreased the growth of some of the rhinoviruses and speci®c secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) neutralised the virus.

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Association of Rhinovirus Infection with Poor Bacteriologic Outcome of Bacterial-Viral Otitis Media

Cited by 51 publications

References 15 publications

Respiratory Consequences of Rhinovirus Infection

Respiratory Consequences of Rhinovirus Infection

Viral–Bacterial Interactions in Acute Otitis Media

Effect of antimicrobial factors in human milk on rhinoviruses and milk-borne cytomegalovirus in vitro

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