Association of retinol-binding protein 4 with metabolic syndrome in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients

Abstract

Background:Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is known to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. The influences of RBP4 on metabolic syndrome (MS) are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between serum levels of RBP4 and MS components in first-degree relations of type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed within the framework of the diabetes prevention project in Isfahan. This study has been conducted during 2012–2013. Seventy-eight subjects participate, with an average age of 43.20 ± 5.29 years. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure (BP) of participants, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and serum RBP4 were measured from fasting blood sample taken from each participant after an overnight fast (12–14 h).Results:Systolic and diastolic BP were significantly higher in people in top median of RBP4 (11.8 ± 1.5 vs. 11.0 ± 1.2, P = 0.01 and 7.8 ± 1.0 vs. 7.3 ± 0.9, P = 0.03). Moreover, TG in people with high levels of RBP4 was higher compared with those with low levels of RBP4 (177.7 ± 97.6 vs. 138.7 ± 56.9, P = 0.02). People with low levels of RBP4 had significant greater hip circumferences (107.9 ± 7.5 vs. 104.3 ± 8.0, P = 0.04). There was no correlation between RBP4 and MS in crude model (odds ratio [OR]: 1.00, 0.95–1.05, P = 0.97). This null correlation remained after adjustment for body mass index, age, and physical activity (OR: 0.93, 0.91–1.07, P = 0.31).Conclusion:Although RBP4 levels were positively association with some risk factors of MS including hip circumference, TG, and systolic and diastolic BP, it does not seem to be a valuable marker for identification of the MS in the first relative degree of diabetic patients.

Involvement of RBP4 in Diabetic Atherosclerosis and the Role of Vitamin D Intervention

“…(1) In the present study, RBP4 had a strong correlation with HOMA-IR. Elevated RBP4 levels cause IR by inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) activity in the skeletal muscle and increasing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase expression in the liver [ 2 ], and RBP4 might also cause IR through a retinol-dependent mechanism [ 26 ]. (2) The correlation between TG and RBP4 in our study may be represented as the relation among RBP4, obesity, and lipid disorder.…”

Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose, immunoglobulin A, total protein, and amylase levels in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies

“…The alterations in salivary component could impact the incidence, signs, and severity of oral changes in diabetic patients[ 5 ] and metabolic syndrome as a metabolic abnormality can increase risks of T2D. [ 34 ] This study estimated salivary glucose, total protein, amylase, and s. IgA levels in T2D patients compared with the healthy controls as well as the correlation of salivary glucose level with serum glucose and HbA1c levels in the patients and controls.…”

Retinol-binding protein 4 versus albuminuria as predictors of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in patients with type 2 diabetes

“…Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been widely explored as adipokine, closely related to cardiometabolic indices. [ 8 9 10 11 ] Furthermore, due to its low molecular weight (21 kDa), it is freely filtered through the glomeruli and then almost completely reabsorbed in the proximal tubuls, which makes this protein as useful biomarker of tubular renal impairment. Namely, a significant rise of this biomarker has been observed in the end-stage renal disease,[ 12 ] which was decreased after kidney transplantation.…”