Association of raspberry bushy dwarf virus with raspberry yellows disease; reaction of Rubus species and cultivars, and the inheritance of resistance.

Abstract

SUMMARYThe agent of raspberry yellows disease is transmitted by grafting but not by aphids and is resistant to thermotherapy. Further studies showed that it is transmitted by inoculation of sap through seed; it is probably transmitted to plants by pollination. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) shares all these attributes and is known to infect all yellows‐sensitive raspberry cultivars except Puyallup and Sumner; however, neither of these cultivars has been tested by graft inoculation with RBDV. RBDV commonly infects plants symptomiessly, even those of yellows‐sensitive cultivars, but it induced yellows when inoculated either manually to Norfolk Giant raspberry or by grafting to a yellows‐sensitive raspberry selection. The evidence suggests that RBDV is the causal agent of yellows disease but that symptom expression is greatiy dependent on genetic and environmental factors. Many red raspberry cultivars are resistant, probably immune, to the type culture of RBDV and this character was shown to be conferred by a single dominant gene designated Bu.

Biological, serological and molecular characterisation of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus from grapevine and its detection in the nematode Longidorus juvenilis

“…Jones et al (1982) have described development of symptoms on Cydonia oblonga and Pyronia veitchii after graft-inoculation using scions infected with a type strain of RBDV. It can be grafted into Fragaria vesca and Prunus mahaleb, both without symptoms (Jones and Mayo 1998).…”

Source ofRaspberry bushy dwarf virusinRubusin New Zealand, and the infectibility of some newer cultivars to this virus

“…Observations of red raspberry plants infected with RBDV in northern hemisphere countries generally indicates occasional, few or no leaf yellowing symptoms (Barnett & Murant 1970;Converse 1973;Daubeny et al 1978;Jones et al 1982;Jones 1986). Why the leaf yellows symptom of the virus should be so pronounced in New Zealand is uncertain.…”

“…Less commonly, yellowing of the major and minor leaf veins, and spots and blotches of the lamina occur, and rarely oak-leaf line patterns across the leaf (Wood & Todd 1976;Jones & Wood 1978;Wood 1995). A virus, found to be commonly present in red raspberries affected by leaf yellows was identified as Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) (Fry & Wood 1978), and later shown to be the cause of Yellows disease symptoms (Jones et al 1982).…”

New host for raspberry bushy dwarf virus: arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus)

“…RBDV has been shown to cause stunted growth and significant decreases in fruit size and yield (Daubeny et al, 1978). Infection with this virus has been associated with fruit abortion or 'crumbly fruit' (Murant et al, 1974;Daubeny et al, 1978) and the virus has been implicated as a causal agent of the 'yellows' disease in raspberry (Jones et al, 1982). Interruption of the druplet development is seen occasionally in the Finnish arctic bramble cultivations, leading to an almost complete loss of crop in the affected fields.…”