Association of putatively adaptive genetic variation with climatic variables differs between a parasite and its host

Walters, Sheree J.; Robinson, Todd; Byrne, Margaret; Wardell‐Johnson, Grant; Nevill, Paul

doi:10.1111/eva.13234

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…Here, we found that species within the same habitat had different patterns of genetic similarity to hypothetical restoration sites. This reflects earlier work examining climatic drivers of adaptation within these species (Walters et al 2020 a ; Walters et al 2021 a ) and suggests that different provenance approaches could be needed for species within the same habitats. Contrasting patterns of provenances and/or seed transfer zones have been previously observed in co‐occurring plant species (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Seed sourcing in the genomics era: multispecies provenance delineation for current and future climates

Walters

Robinson

Byrne

et al. 2022

Restoration Ecology

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Restoration interventions require knowledge on the suitability of seed sources. Provenance delineation for ecological restoration of degraded environments has begun to incorporate genome-wide information on adaptive variation, but this has only been completed on a small number of plant species. Rarely is provenance delineation using a genomics approach applied to species occurring across different habitats, and in the context of future climate scenarios, despite their potential importance for successful long-term restoration. Here, we use neutral genetic data to investigate patterns of genetic differentiation and a landscape genomics approach to model putatively adaptive genetic variation under multiple climate scenarios for two species cooccurring in a predominantly mesic environment, and two species co-occurring in a semi-arid environment. We then determine the genetic similarity of seed sourcing locations to hypothetical restoration sites, both under current and future climate scenarios. We found that the geographical extent of provenances and the amount of genetic change required to track the projected climatic conditions over time differed within the pairs of co-occurring species, and between habitats. Additionally, future climate scenarios had differing effects on provenance patterns between the two landscapes indicating a differential response to changing climate between species from mesic and arid habitats. This implies that provenance guidelines can be both species and habitat dependent. We discuss how these results can be utilized to design seed sourcing strategies for successful restoration, and how these methods could be more broadly applied to delineate provenances of other species and locations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Seed sourcing in the genomics era: multispecies provenance delineation for current and future climates

Walters

Robinson

Byrne

et al. 2022

Restoration Ecology

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“…In some ways, increased dimensionality is ubiquitous with increased habitat heterogeneity, and habitat heterogeneity has been shown to drive signatures of adaptation to temperature and precipitation in tree species (Shryock et al, 2020 ; von Takach et al, 2021 ; Walters et al, 2021 ). While these studies did not explore dimensionality explicitly, their results nevertheless show that tree species are able to independently adapt to multiple types of environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signatures of natural selection in a foundation tree along Mediterranean climatic gradients

et al. 2022

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Temperature and precipitation regimes are rapidly changing, resulting in forest dieback and extinction events, particularly in Mediterranean-type climates (MTC). Forest management that enhance forests' resilience is urgently required, however adaptation to climates in heterogeneous landscapes with multiple selection pressures is complex.For widespread trees in MTC we hypothesized that: patterns of local adaptation are associated with climate; precipitation is a stronger factor of adaptation than temperature; functionally related genes show similar signatures of adaptation; and adaptive variants are independently sorting across the landscape. We sampled 28 populations across the geographic distribution of Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah), in South-west Western Australia, and obtained 13,534 independent single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers across the genome. Three genotype-association analyses that employ different ways of correcting population structure were used to identify putatively adapted SNPs associated with independent climate variables. While overall levels of population differentiation were low (F ST = 0.04), environmental association analyses found a total of 2336 unique SNPs associated with temperature and precipitation variables, with 1440 SNPs annotated to genic regions. Considerable allelic turnover was identified for SNPs associated with temperature seasonality and mean precipitation of the warmest quarter, suggesting that both temperature and precipitation are important factors in adaptation. SNPs with similar gene functions had analogous allelic turnover along climate gradients, while SNPs among temperature and precipitation variables had uncorrelated patterns of adaptation. These contrasting patterns provide evidence that there may be standing genomic variation adapted to current climate gradients, providing the basis for adaptive management strategies to bolster forest resilience in the future.

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“…This pattern is not surprising in light of the historical focus on angiosperm‐insect co‐diversification (Ehrlich & Raven, 1964 ; Farrell et al., 1992 ; Farrell, 1998 ; Futuyma & Peterson, 1985 ; Peterson & Denno, 1998 ). However, many of the same reasons to expect that insect herbivores and mutualists should evolve in response to their host plants apply to symbiotic fungi (e.g., Escudero 2015 ), bacteria (Harrison et al., 2017 ), and even parasitic or commensal plants (Jerome & Ford, 2002 ; Schneider et al., 2016 ; Walters et al., 2021 )—other cases in which a single associate individual lives most of its life on one host, and in which associates' geographic dispersal is limited by hosts' distribution. Moreover, plants are far from alone in hosting parasitic and mutualistic associates in intimate interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-associate interactions and diversification across trophic levels

et al. 2022

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Interactions between species are widely understood to have promoted the diversification of life on Earth, but how interactions spur the formation of new species remains unclear. Interacting species often become locally adapted to each other, but they may also be subject to shared dispersal limitations and environmental conditions. Moreover, theory predicts that different kinds of interactions have different effects on diversification. To better understand how species interactions promote diversification, we compiled population genetic studies of host plants and intimately associated herbivores, parasites, and mutualists. We used Bayesian multiple regressions and the BEDASSLE modeling framework to test whether host and associate population structures were correlated over and above the potentially confounding effects of geography and shared environmental variation. We found that associates' population structure often paralleled their hosts' population structure, and that this effect is robust to accounting for geographic distance and climate. Associate genetic structure was significantly explained by plant genetic structure somewhat more often in antagonistic interactions than in mutualistic ones. This aligns with a key prediction of coevolutionary theory that antagonistic interactions promote diversity through local adaptation of antagonists to hosts, while mutualistic interactions more often promote diversity via the effect of hosts' geographic distribution on mutualists' dispersal.

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Association of putatively adaptive genetic variation with climatic variables differs between a parasite and its host

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 7 publications

References 125 publications

Seed sourcing in the genomics era: multispecies provenance delineation for current and future climates

Seed sourcing in the genomics era: multispecies provenance delineation for current and future climates

Signatures of natural selection in a foundation tree along Mediterranean climatic gradients

Plant-associate interactions and diversification across trophic levels

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