Association of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Ethambutol With Incident Depressive Disorder

Yen, Yung‐Feng; Chung, Ming Shun; Hu, Hsiao Yun; Lai, Yun Ju; Huang, Li; Lin, Yu Shiuan; Chou, Pesus; Deng, Chung Yeh

doi:10.4088/jcp.14m09403

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A person was considered to have a comorbidity or OI only if the condition occurred in an inpatient setting or was noted in three or more outpatient visits. 22 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of HIV and Opportunistic Infections With Incident Stroke: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

Yen

Chen

Jen

et al. 2017

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background HIV-associated vasculopathy and opportunistic infections (OIs) might cause vascular atherosclerosis and aneurysmal arteriopathy, which could increase the risk of incident stroke. However, few longitudinal studies have investigated the link between HIV and incident stroke. This cohort study evaluated the association of HIV and OIs with incident stroke. Methods We identified adults with HIV infection in 2000–2012, using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A control cohort without HIV infection, matched for age and sex, was selected for comparison. Stroke incidence until December 31, 2012 was then ascertained for all patients. A time-dependent Cox regression model was used to determine the association between OIs and incident stroke among HIV patients. Results Among a total of 106,875 patients (21,375 HIV patients and 85,500 matched controls), stroke occurred in 927 patients (0.87%) during a mean follow-up period of 5.44 years, including 672 (0.63%) ischemic strokes and 255 (0.24%) hemorrhagic strokes. After adjusting for other covariates, HIV infection was an independent risk factor for incident all-cause stroke [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58–2.13]. When type of stroke was considered, HIV infection increased the risks of ischemic (AHR 1.33; 95%CI 1.09–1.63) and hemorrhagic stroke (AHR 2.01; 95%CI 1.51–2.69). The risk of incident stroke was significantly higher in HIV patients with cryptococcal meningitis (AHR 4.40; 95%CI 1.38–14.02), cytomegalovirus disease (AHR 2.79; 95%CI 1.37–5.67), and Penicillium marneffei infection (AHR 2.90; 95%CI 1.16–7.28). Conclusions HIV patients had an increased risk of stroke, particularly those with cryptococcal meningitis, cytomegalovirus, or P. marneffei infection.

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“…A person was considered to have a comorbidity or OI only if the condition occurred in an inpatient setting or was noted in three or more outpatient visits. 22 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of HIV and Opportunistic Infections With Incident Stroke: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

Yen

Chen

Jen

et al. 2017

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…Both tuberculosis and depression share common risk factors, which explains the high prevalence of their comorbidity, reported to range from 10-52% [11][12][13]. Their interaction is complex since one disease might contribute to the development of the other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, TB infection causes chronic inflammation, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines that activate brain enzymes, such as indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, that degrade tryptophan and thereby limit serotonin production. Anti-tuberculosis medications may also play a role in psychiatric disease: isoniazid alters serotonin uptake and high doses of ethambutol have been associated with depression [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between tuberculosis and depression on negative outcomes of tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Background Depression is a common comorbidity of tuberculosis (TB) and is associated with poor adherence to treatment of multiple disorders. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the existing evidence on the relationship between depression and negative outcomes of TB treatment. Methods We systematically reviewed studies that evaluated depressive symptoms (DS) directly or indirectly through psychological distress (PD) and measured negative treatment outcomes of drug-sensitive pulmonary TB, defined as death, loss to follow-up, or non-adherence. Sources included PubMed, Global Health Library, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science from inception to August 2019. Results Of the 2,970 studies initially identified, eight articles were eligible for inclusion and two were used for the primary outcome meta-analysis. We found a strong association between DS and negative TB treatment outcomes (OR = 4.26; CI95%:2.33-7.79; I 2 = 0%). DS were also associated with loss to follow-up (

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“…OIs after HIV diagnosis included Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (ICD-9 codes 011–018), disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection (ICD-9 code 0312), Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (ICD-9 code 1363), cryptococcal meningitis (ICD-9 code 3210), Penicillium marneffei infection (ICD-9 code 1179), toxoplasma encephalitis (ICD-9 code 130), candidiasis (ICD-9 code 112), and herpes zoster (ICD-9 code 053). Subjects were classified as having a comorbidity or OI only if the condition occurred in an inpatient setting or was recorded in three or more outpatient visits [ 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Cytomegalovirus End-Organ Disease with Stroke in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection might increase the risk of cardiovascular event. However, data on the link between incident stroke and co-infections of CMV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited and inconsistent. This nationwide population-based cohort study analyzed the association of CMV end-organ disease and stroke among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).MethodsFrom January 1, 1998, this study identified adult HIV individuals with and without CMV end-organ disease in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. All patients were observed for incident stroke and were followed until December 31, 2012. Time-dependent analysis was used to evaluate associations of CMV end-organ disease with stroke.ResultsOf the 22,581 PLWHA identified (439 with CMV end-organ disease and 22,142 without CMV end-organ disease), 228 (1.01%) had all-cause stroke during a mean follow-up period of 4.85 years, including 169 (0.75%) with ischemic stroke and 59 (0.26%) with hemorrhagic stroke. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, opportunistic infections after HIV diagnosis, and antiretroviral treatment, CMV end-organ disease was found to be an independent risk factor for incident all-cause stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70 to 5.55). When stroke type was considered, CMV end-organ disease was significantly positively associated with the risk of ischemic stroke (AHR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.49 to 6.62) but not hemorrhagic stroke (AHR, 2.52; 95% CI, 0.64 to 9.91).ConclusionsThis study suggested that CMV end-organ disease was an independent predictor of ischemic stroke among PLWHA.

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Association of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Ethambutol With Incident Depressive Disorder

Abstract: Background: Inflammatory responses from chronic infection might affect the brain and increase the risk of depressive disorder. However, the temporal association between chronic infection (eg, tuberculosis [TB]) and incident depressive disorder has not been prospectively evaluated.

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Association of HIV and Opportunistic Infections With Incident Stroke: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

Association of HIV and Opportunistic Infections With Incident Stroke: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

Association between tuberculosis and depression on negative outcomes of tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Association of Cytomegalovirus End-Organ Disease with Stroke in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

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