Association of Primary Varicose Veins with Dysregulated Vein Wall Apoptosis

Abstract

0%). No other significant differences concerning major complications (death or stroke), other cranial nerve injuries, wound healing, or patient satisfaction was observed neither in the early postoperative phase nor at follow up.Conclusion Due to the high incidence of temporary ipsilateral vocal cord dysfunction in patients undergoing retrojugular exposure of the carotid artery, we recommend the conventional ventrojugular approach, which can be performed by incision along the anterior border of the sternomastoid muscle or by transversal skin incision. The Creation of the Optimal Dedicated Endovascular SuiteSikkink C.J.J.M., Reijnen M.M.P.J., Zeebregts C.J. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007;35:198-204.

Pathogenesis of primary varicose veins

“…It has been demonstrated immunohistochemically that the expression of bax and caspase 9 is significantly reduced in SMCs from varicose compared with non-varicose veins. The expression of caspase 8 and Fas in SMCs, however, does not differ significantly between varicose and non-varicose veins 90,91 . Therefore, the intrinsic rather than the extrinsic pathway seems dysregulated in varicose veins as bax and caspase 9 are involved in the former, whereas caspase 8 and Fas are involved in the latter 90,91 (Fig.…”

Varis etiyopatogenezinde lökosit aktivasyonu ile apopitozisin ilişkisi

“…It is reported that increased apoptotic activity was present in the endarterectomy and atherectomy specimens from renal, coronary and carotid arteries [17]. In contrast, this increased activity was not present in the varicose veins in some studies and additionally it was reported that apoptosis was downregulated in these cohorts [11,18,19].…”

“…It is demonstrated that there is upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors and their target genes in a varicose vein [23]. Dysregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor pathways may also affect apoptosis in the cell wall and abnormality of the ECM [19,24]. The cytokines released from the leukocytes are suggested to be related with the dysregulation of the apoptosis.…”

Insufficient Lymph Drainage Causes Abnormal Lipid Accumulation and Vein Wall Degeneration

“…Vein wall inflammation causes medial smooth muscle cell proliferation and excess production of fibrous matter, leading to hyperplasia, which in turn reduces the elastic compliance of the vein wall. 10,11) The vein wall hyperplasia shown in Fig. 4 was considered to have been caused by the effects of lymphostasis-induced inflammation.…”