Association of prenatal cocaine exposure, childhood maltreatment, and responses to stress in adolescence

Min, Meeyoung O.; Minnes, Sonia; Kim, June‐Yung; Yoon, Miyoung; Singer, Lynn T.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.028

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Alterations in stress responses at younger ages may make individuals with PCE more vulnerable to emotional neglect and abuse, resulting in higher alexithymia and poorer reappraisal abilities in young adulthood. Our data are consistent with this interpretation and those reported previously 1 indicating increased avoidance and disengagement in PCE adolescents who had also been exposed to childhood maltreatment. In our sample, the data suggest increased response to stress due to PCE coupled with emotional neglect or abuse that may have result in an alexithymic coping style, and thus poorer ability to reappraise emotions as young adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Individuals with prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) may be particularly vulnerable to early‐life stressors. Children with PCE who experienced childhood maltreatment demonstrate increased stress responses compared with those exposed to childhood maltreatment without PCE 1 . Emotion‐regulation difficulties are associated with mental illness and substance abuse 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alexithymia, Emotion‐Regulation Strategies, and Traumatic Experiences in Prenatally Cocaine‐Exposed Young Adults

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives Exposure to early‐life trauma may lead to maladaptive characteristics such as alexithymia, and thus to poorer emotional regulation. This relationship may also be influenced by exposure to substances prenatally. We hypothesized that increased alexithymia would be seen in those with prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE). Additionally, we hypothesized that early‐life trauma would be associated with alexithymia, and that alexithymia would be associated with poor emotional reappraisal and emotional suppression. Methods A moderated mediation model was developed to examine whether the hypothesized indirect relationship between trauma and emotional reappraisal through alexithymia was different in young adults with and without PCE (Total N = 57). Thirty‐seven young adults with PCE and 20 with no such exposure, all of whom were members of a longitudinal cohort, were recruited for the study, and data concerning childhood trauma, alexithymia, and emotional regulation were collected. Intercorrelations were performed between the scores on each measure and moderated mediation models were constructed separately with emotional neglect or emotional abuse as the independent variable and emotional reappraisal or emotional suppression as the dependent variable. Results PCE status was associated with alexithymia, and alexithymia mediated the relationship between emotional neglect and emotional reappraisal in individuals with PCE but not those without. Discussion and Conclusions The data suggest that alexithymia is a mechanism underlying poor use of emotional reappraisal in PCE individuals. Scientific Significance Individuals with early‐life trauma and substance exposure may represent a vulnerable population, and alexithymia may play a key role in the development of emotional regulation skills in this population. (Am J Addict 2020;29:492–499)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alexithymia, Emotion‐Regulation Strategies, and Traumatic Experiences in Prenatally Cocaine‐Exposed Young Adults

et al. 2020

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“…Given the trait characteristics of internalizing (e.g., social withdrawal) and externalizing (e.g., delinquency) problems reported in children with PCE (Greenwald et al, 2011;Lambert and Bauer, 2012;Minnes et al, 2010), as well as the elevated FCs in the SCN of individuals with social anxiety disorder (Frick et al, 2013), the presently noted FC increases in the SCN of the PCE group may indicate more risks for behavioral dysregulation in adolescent development for the exposed teens. This may be especially relevant in situations where heightened social stress and anxiety occur (Chaplin et al, 2010;Min et al, 2017). In other words, individuals with PCE may experience a stronger emotional influence on cognition and behavior during adolescence than occurs in a non-exposed population at this time of development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal changes of amygdala functional connectivity in adolescents prenatally exposed to cocaine

Lei

Coles

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is associated with arousal dysregulation, but interactions between exposure and age are rarely investigated directly with longitudinal study designs. Our previous study had examined task-elicited emotional arousal and noted persistently high amygdala activations in the development of adolescents with PCE. However, while externally imposed emotional arousal could be considered a "state" effect depending on specific task stimuli, it is still unclear whether similar developmental alterations extend to intrinsic functional connectivity (FC), reflecting more of a "trait" effect. Methods: We used a longitudinal design and analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired twice from 25 adolescents with PCE and 16 non-exposed controls. Both groups were each scanned first at the mean age of 14.3 and then again at 16.6 years. Seeding in bilateral amygdalae and comparing the 2 nd scan with the 1 st , we examined the interaction effect between PCE and age on FCs in the emotional network. Results: Compared with the younger age, we observed a generally decreased FC in the emotional network of the control group at the older age, but these FCs were generally increased at the older age in this same network of the PCE group. Additionally, this interaction effect of exposure by age in the right fusiform was positively correlated with the emotional interference imposed by external task stimuli.

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“…In particular, maternal cocaine use has been consistently associated with higher levels of maternal psychological distress symptoms (e.g., Min et al, 2013; Minnes et al, 2010; Singer et al, 1997). Given the well-established causal role of caregiving quality shaping children’s adjustment, especially in the early formative years of life, both independently (Jaffee, 2007; Olson et al, 2017; Shaw et al, 2003; Fanti and Henrich, 2010; Tabone et al, 2011) and interactively with biological risk factors (Brennan et al, 2003: Moffitt, 1993; Min et al, 2017b; Molnar et al, 2014), we explored the interaction between PCE and maternal psychological distress. The diathesis-stress model (Zahn-Waxler et al, 2008) suggests that those with a biological vulnerability are disproportionately likely to be adversely affected by an environmental stressor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior from ages 4 to 12: Prenatal cocaine exposure and adolescent correlates

Min

Minnes

Park

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: Although prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) has been linked with greater externalizing behavior, no studies have investigated heterogeneity of developmental trajectories in children with PCE to date. The present study aimed to: (1) identify developmental trajectories of externalizing problems in childhood by using a person-oriented analytic approach; (2) examine whether trajectories differ by PCE and other environmental and biological correlates; and (3) investigate how trajectories were associated with adolescent substance use and sexual behavior. Methods: Adolescents (N=386; 197 PCE, 187 non-cocaine exposed (NCE)), primarily African-American and of low socioeconomic status, were prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal study at birth. Externalizing problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at ages 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Substance (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana) use, via self-report and biologic assays, and early (before age 15) sexual intercourse were assessed at age 15. Results: Latent class growth modeling indicated four distinctive developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior from ages 4 to 12: low-decreasing group (32%); moderate-decreasing group (32%); accelerated risk group (14%); and elevated-chronic group (22%). PCE and maternal psychological distress interactively differentiated developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior, which were related to subsequent adolescent substance use and early sexual behavior differently across gender. Conclusions: The two high-risk trajectories (accelerated risk and elevated-chronic groups), comprising 36% of the sample, identified in the present study may reflect multi-causality of early substance use and perhaps greater risk for transition to substance use disorders later in development.

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Association of prenatal cocaine exposure, childhood maltreatment, and responses to stress in adolescence

Cited by 19 publications

References 65 publications

Alexithymia, Emotion‐Regulation Strategies, and Traumatic Experiences in Prenatally Cocaine‐Exposed Young Adults

Alexithymia, Emotion‐Regulation Strategies, and Traumatic Experiences in Prenatally Cocaine‐Exposed Young Adults

Longitudinal changes of amygdala functional connectivity in adolescents prenatally exposed to cocaine

Developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior from ages 4 to 12: Prenatal cocaine exposure and adolescent correlates

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