Association of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids with arterial blood pressure

Ma, Menghuai; Yang, Fangkun; Wang, Zhuo; Bao, Qinyi; Shen, Jinlian; Xie, Xing

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000024359

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, MR studies have also provided support for the causal clinical effects of circulating PUFAs ( Supplementary Table 1 ). The genetically predicted circulating levels of various PUFAs have been associated with clinical biomarkers, such as blood lipids, white blood cell counts, and blood pressure ( 20 – 22 ). They were also directly associated with risks of specific diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers ( 23 – 27 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

et al. 2022

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Higher circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega-3 fatty acids, have been linked to a better prognosis in patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effects and causality of pre-infection PUFA levels remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the observational and causal associations of circulating PUFAs with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. We first performed a prospective cohort study in UK Biobank, with 20,626 controls who were tested negative and 4,101 COVID-19 patients, including 970 hospitalized ones. Plasma PUFAs at baseline (blood samples collected from 2007 to 2010) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance, including total PUFAs, omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linoleic acid (LA), and the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Moreover, going beyond UK Biobank, we leveraged summary statistics from existing genome-wide association studies to perform bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine the causal associations of eight individual PUFAs, measured in either plasma or red blood cells, with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. In the observational association analysis of each PUFA measure separately, total, omega-3, and omega-6 PUFAs, DHA, and LA were associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19. Omega-3 PUFAs and DHA were also associated with a lower risk of testing positive for COVID-19. The omega-6/omega-3 ratio was positively associated with risks of both susceptibility and severity. When omega-6, omega-3, and their ratio are jointly analyzed, only omega-3 PUFAs remained significantly and inversely associated with both susceptibility and severity. The forward MR analysis indicated that docosapentaenoic acid (DPA-n3) and arachidonic acid (AA) might be causally associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19, with OR (95% CI) per one SD increase in the plasma level as 0.89 (0.81, 0.99) and 0.96 (0.94, 0.99), respectively. The reverse MR analysis did not support any causal effect of COVID-19 on PUFAs. Our observational analysis supported that higher circulating omega-3 PUFAs, especially DHA, may lower the susceptibility to and alleviate the severity of COVID-19. Our MR analysis further supported causal associations of DPA-n3 and AA with a lower risk of severe COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…On the other hand, MR studies have also provided support for the causal clinical effects of circulating PUFAs (Supplemental Table 1). The genetically predicted circulating levels of various PUFAs have been associated with clinical biomarkers, such as blood lipids, white blood cell counts, and blood pressure (20)(21)(22). They were also directly associated with risks of specific diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers (23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids and COVID-19: a prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis

Sun

Chatterjee

Ronanki

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Higher circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega-3 ones, have been linked to a better prognosis in patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effects and causality of pre-infection PUFA levels remain unclear. Objective: To investigate the observational and causal associations of circulating PUFAs with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Design: We first performed a prospective cohort study in UK Biobank, with 20,626 controls who were tested negative and 4,101 COVID-19 patients, including 970 hospitalized ones. Plasma PUFAs at baseline were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance, including total PUFAs, omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linoleic acid (LA), and the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Moreover, bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to examine the causal associations of eight individual PUFAs, measured in either plasma or red blood cells, with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity using summary statistics from existing genome-wide association studies. Results: In the observational association analysis, total PUFAs, omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs, DHA, and LA were associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19. Omega-3 PUFAs and DHA were also associated with a lower risk of testing positive for COVID-19. The omega-6/omega-3 ratio was positively associated with risks of both susceptibility and severity. The forward MR analysis indicated that arachidonic acid (AA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA-n3) might be causally associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19, with OR (95% CI) per one SD increase in the plasma level as 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) and 0.89 (0.81, 0.99), respectively. The reverse MR analysis did not support any causal effect of COVID-19 on PUFAs. Conclusions: Our observational analysis supported that higher circulating PUFAs, either omega-3 or omega-6, are protective against severe COVID-19, while omega-3 PUFAs, especially DHA, were also associated with reducing COVID-19 susceptibility. Our MR analysis further supported causal associations of AA and DPA-n3 with a lower risk of severe COVID-19.

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“…Therefore, an MR study would provide more robust evidence regarding the causal relationship between fatty acids and frailty than observational studies. However, to our knowledge, no MR study has yet investigated the associations between fatty acids and frailty, although there have been several MR studies on the relationship between fatty acids and cardiovascular disease [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids and Frailty: A Mendelian Randomization Study

et al. 2021

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Background: Observational studies have suggested that fatty acids such as higher levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may prevent frailty. By using Mendelian randomization analysis, we examined the relationship between fatty acids and frailty. Methods: We used summary statistics data for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma levels of saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (palmitoleic acid, oleic acid), n-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), and n-3 PUFAs (alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid), and the corresponding data for frailty index (FI) in 356,432 individuals in the UK Biobank. Results: Although there were no robust associations on the MUFAs or the PUFAs, genetically predicted higher plasma stearic acid level (one of saturated fatty acids) was statistically significantly associated with higher FI (β = 0.178; 95% confidence interval = −0.050 to 0.307; p = 0.007). Such a relationship was also observed in a multivariate MR (β = 0.361; 95% confidence interval = 0.155 to 0.567; p = 0.001). Genetically predicted higher palmitic acid was also significantly associated with higher FI (β = 0.288; 95% confidence interval = 0.128 to 0.447; p < 0.001) in the multivariate MR analysis. Conclusions: The present MR study implies that saturated fatty acids, especially stearic acid, is a risk factor of frailty.

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Association of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids with arterial blood pressure

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids and COVID-19: a prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis

Fatty Acids and Frailty: A Mendelian Randomization Study

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