Association of passive and active smoking with self-rated health and life satisfaction in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN IV study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess the joint association of passive and active smoking with self-rated health and life satisfaction among Iranian children and adolescents.MethodsUsing a multistage random cluster sampling method, a representative sample of 14 880 school students were selected from urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Data were gathered using a questionnaire, a weight scale and metre. Participants were classified into four groups based on their smoking patterns: ‘non-smoker’, ‘only active smoker’, ‘only passive smoker’ and ‘active and passive smoker’. Life satisfaction (LS) and self-rated health (SRH) were assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires based on the WHO-Global School-based student Health Survey (WHO-GSHS). Data were analysed using a t-test, χ2 test and multiple logistic regression.ResultsA total of 13 486 individuals (6640 girls and 6846 boys) out of 14 880 invited participated in the study (response rate 90.6%). LS and good SRH showed linearly negative associations with smoking status in both sexes. The proportions of LS and SRH categories were significantly different among all subsets of smoking status. Those classified as ‘non-smokers’ had the highest proportions of LS and good SRH, followed by ‘only passive smokers’ and ‘only active smokers’, while those with ‘active and passive smoking’ had the lowest proportions of LS and good SRH. In a multivariate model, students in the ‘active and passive smoking’ group had lower odds of LS (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.57) and good SRH (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.68) than those in the ‘non-smoker’ group. Students in the ‘only passive smoker’ group also had lower odds of LS (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.83) and good SRH (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.80) compared with the ‘non-smoker’ group.ConclusionsAdolescents with different smoking habits and exposure patterns have poorer SRH and LS than non-smokers. Both active and passive smoking status could affect LS and SRH in adolescents. Therefore, smoking prevention strategies should be considered as a health priority in school health services for promoting psychological well-being in children and adolescents.

Adolescent Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Respiratory Symptoms, and Emergency Department Use

“…TSE negatively impacts adolescents' overall health and physical health. 1,10 We found that TSE translated into a lower likelihood of having very good or excellent overall health and physical health status, as hypothesized. We found that regardless of TSE measure, adolescents with TSE reported that it was harder to exercise compared with peers and wheezing during or after exercise.…”

“…9 Active and passive smoking have been associated with lower overall health. 10 It is important to assess the relationship between types of TSE and potential TSE-attributable symptoms and other health indicators to inform intervention content that is aimed at reducing TSE among adolescents without asthma diagnoses.…”

Screening, Counseling, and Health Care Utilization Among a National Sample of Adolescent Smokers

“…We found that adolescent ever and current smokers were at increased odds of self-selfreportingreporting good/fair/poor health status, aligning with prior research. 6 Results also indicated ever and current smokers were more likely to have had illness-related school absenteeism within the past month. This study expands on well-known school-related factors (eg, academic achievement) [7][8][9][10][11] by focusing solely on health-related absenteeism.…”

“…2 Active smoking has been related to lower self-reported health during adolescence. 6 It is well established that adolescents with low academic performance and grade level retention are at increased risk of smoking. [7][8][9][10][11] However, less is known on the association between smoking and illness-related school absenteeism.…”

A Survey on Effect of Smoking on Passive Smokers

“…Which of the following people you consider smokers? : According to WHo, a smoker is a person who smokes tobacco, either daily or occasionally(r. Heshmat et. al.…”