Association of Parental Environmental Exposures and Supplementation Intake with Risk of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Case-Control Study in Heilongjiang Province, China

Abstract

The aim of present study was to check the possible association of potential parental environmental exposures and maternal supplementation intake with the risk of nonsyndromic orofacial clefting (NSOC). A retrospective study comprised 499 cases and 480 controls was conducted in Heilongjiang Province. Chi-square analysis and unconditional multiple logistic regression were used in the study. The results showed that maternal history of fever and the common cold without fever (ORCL/P = 3.11 and 5.56, 95%CI: 1.67–5.82 and 2.96–10.47, ORCPO = 3.31 and 8.23, 95%CI: 1.58–6.94 and 4.08–16.95), paternal smoking and alcohol consumption (ORCL/P = 2.15 and 5.04, 95%CI: 1.37–3.38 and 3.00–8.46, ORCPO = 1.82 and 4.40, 95%CI: 1.06–3.13 and 2.50–7.74), maternal exposure to organic solvents, heavy metals, or pesticides (ORCL/P = 6.07, 5.67 and 5.97, 95%CI: 1.49–24.76, 1.34–24.09 and 2.10–16.98, ORCPO = 10.65, 7.28 and 3.48, 95%CI: 2.54–44.67, 1.41–37.63 and 1.06–11.46) and multivitamin use during the preconception period (ORCL/P = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.02–0.23, ORCPO = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.01–0.30) were associated with cleft lip or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO). Maternal history of skin disease and negative life events (ORCL/P = 12.07 and 1.67, 95%CI: 1.81–80.05 and 1.95–2.67) were associated with CL/P. Some potential parental hazardous exposures during the periconception period and maternal use of multivitamins during the preconception period were associated with risk of NSOC.

Congenital malformations are associated with secondhand smoke among nonsmoking women: A meta‐analysis

“…Although the correlation between secondhand smoke and CMs has been a concern for several decades, different studies obtained somewhat different results . Most studies reported a significantly increased risk for cardiovascular system malformations, whereas a study by Wasserman et al did not .…”

“…Furthermore, study results regarding the association have been inconsistent. Some studies suggested that exposure to secondhand smoke in nonsmoking women significantly increases the risk of CMs in their offspring, whereas others showed no relation or even a protective effect . In 2010, two meta‐analyses were conducted to examine the association between secondhand smoke and CMs .…”

“…Since those meta‐analyses, however, many original studies related to this topic have emerged. Many of these studies were conducted in different regions and have investigated the association between secondhand smoke and organ‐system malformations . It is therefore possible to conduct an updated comprehensive assessment based on the new and previously existing evidence.…”

Maternal Intake of Folic Acid Supplementation and Non- syndromic Orofacial Clefts Risk: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.

“…Plausible associations between preconceptional and 1 st trimester use of recommended dose of folic acid and risk of orofacial clefts was evident among Chinese population as revealed by Yanru Hao (aOR= 0.43; 95% confidence interval = 0.210-0.880) [23]. Furthermore, the protective role of folic acid against orofacial clefts was emphasized in Z-L Jia's assessment of the risk of orofacial clefts and its relation to exposures to different environmental factors and nutritional supplements intake as demonstrated by multiple logistic regression analyses (aOR= 0.67; 95% confidence interval = 0.44-1.00) [24].…”

Efectos teratogénicos de insecticidas organofosforados en la etiología de labio y paladar hendido: revisión de literatura

“…Existe controversia en los estudios revisados de casos y controles llevados a cabo en humanos. La mayoría evidenció asociación entre la exposición a pesticidas durante el período periconcepcional, y mayor riesgo de malformaciones congénitas [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], como labio y/o paladar hendido [29,31,32,[34][35][36][37], defectos cardiacos [31], y de los sistemas gastrointestinal, genitourinario y nervioso central [30] en los hijos de los padres expuestos. Adicionalmente, se encontró relación entre la exposición a pesticidas y parto prematuro [30].…”