Association of overweight and obesity with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with atherosclerotic diseases

Abstract

Summary Background The aim of this study was to compare demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics, including inflammatory markers, according to the nutritional status of patients with verified atherosclerotic disease. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 1045 consecutive patients with verified carotid disease or peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Anthropometric parameters and data on cardiovascular risk factors and therapy for hypertension and hyperlipidemia were collected for all participants. Results Carotid disease was positively and PAD was negatively associated with body mass index (BMI). Negative association between obesity and PAD was significant only in former smokers, not in current smokers or in patients who never smoked. Overweight and general obesity were significantly related to metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001), lower values of high – density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001), increased triglycerides (p < 0.001), hyperglycemia (p < 0.001), self-reported diabetes (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), high serum uric acid (p < 0.001), increased high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = 0.020) and former smoking (p = 0.005) after adjustment for age, gender and type of disease. Antihypertensive therapy seems to be less effective in patients who are overweight and obese. Conclusions In conclusion, overweight and general obesity were significantly related to several cardiovascular risk factors.

Serum soluble transferrin receptor levels are independently associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in adolescent girls

“…Adolescence, as a period of increased nutritional demand and changes in psychosocial behavior, is often accompanied with obesity and metabolic disturbances tightly related to insulin resistance (IR) [1]. IR may precede other cardiometabolic disorders, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease later in life [2][3][4][5]. In the aim of better recognition of the regulatory mechanisms of insulin signaling pathways, many biomolecules and their mutual interaction have been investigated so far [6][7][8].…”

Are liver function biomarkers independently associated with Framingham risk score in women?

“…All of these metabolic disturbances may lead to increased ALT and GGT activity, and to a decreased bilirubin level [6,25]. Moreover, not only do high levels of free fatty acids in addition to insulin resistance lead to hepatocytes dysfunction, but they also promote endothelial dysfunction, reduce production of nitric oxide, vasoconstriction, and inflammation with consequent initiation and progression of atherosclerosis [29,30], thus further supporting the link between obesity, high triglycerides, and inflammation level and CVD. The limitations of this study need to be reported.…”

A Nutraceutical Containing Chlorogenic Acid and Luteolin Improves Cardiometabolic Parameters in Subjects with Pre-Obesity: A 6-Month Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

“…Obesity is a significant CVD risk factor and the BMI cut-off point to define obesity is 30 kg/m 2 [ 1 ]. In addition to CVD, the pre-obesity condition predisposes toward other complications, such as the risk for cancer that begins to increase at a BMI of 21 kg/m 2 , the risk for diabetes that starts to rise at 22 kg/m 2 , and the risk of musculoskeletal-related illnesses that starts to increase at 24 kg/m 2 .…”