Association of oral dysbiosis with oral cancer development (Review)

Rosa, Giusy Rita Maria La; Gattuso, Giuseppe; Pedullà, Eugenio; Rapisarda, E.; Nicolosi, Daria; Salmeri, Mario

doi:10.3892/ol.2020.11441

Cited by 75 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 199 publications

(236 reference statements)

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“…Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome could influence cancer outcomes by different mechanisms. Two common mechanisms that could have severe implications in the development of the disease are chronic inflammation and the synthesis of metabolites that could induce mutations (52).…”

Section: The Human Microbiome and Cancer An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral organisms in oropharyngeal cancers. cancer, the search for possible biomarkers of oral cancer and, most specifically, OSCC has not produced conclusive results(52). Different organisms have been shown to increase in OSCC samples, as a few examples: Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, and S. mitis (131); F. nucleatum(149); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (150); Campylobacter concisus, Prevotella salivae, Prevotella loeschii, and Fusobacterium oral taxon 204(151); genera Fusobacterium, Dialister, Peptostreptococcus, Filifactor, Peptococcus, Catonella, and Parvimonas (136); and Prevotella oris, Neisseria flava, Neisseria flavescens/subflava, F. nucleatum ss polymorphum, Aggregatibacter segnis, and Fusobacterium periodonticum(152).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Oral Microbiome and Cancer

2020

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There is mounting evidence that members of the human microbiome are highly associated with a wide variety of cancer types. Among oral cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent and most commonly studied, and it is the most common malignancy of the head and neck worldwide. However, there is a void regarding the role that the oral microbiome may play in OSCC. Previous studies have not consistently found a characteristic oral microbiome composition associated with OSCC. Although a direct causality has not been proven, individual members of the oral microbiome are capable of promoting various tumorigenic functions related to cancer development. Two prominent oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum can promote tumor progression in mice. P. gingivalis infection has been associated with oro-digestive cancer, increased oral cancer invasion, and proliferation of oral cancer stem cells. The microbiome can influence the evolution of the disease by directly interacting with the human body and significantly altering the response and toxicity to various forms of cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown an association of certain phylogenetic groups with the immunotherapy treatment outcomes of certain tumors. On the other side of the coin, recently it has been a resurgence in interest on the potential use of bacteria to cure cancer. These kinds of treatments were used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as the first line of defense against cancer in some hospitals but later displaced by other types of treatments such as radiotherapy. Currently, organisms such as Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium spp. have been used for targeted strategies as potential vectors to treat cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge of the role of the oral microbiome, focusing on its bacterial fraction, in cancer in general and in OSCC more precisely, and a brief description of the potential use of bacteria to target tumors.

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Section: The Human Microbiome and Cancer An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The Oral Microbiome and Cancer

2020

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“…More recently, the notion has emerged that the microbial association with OC is at the level of the microbial community's function, rather than at its composition [ Al-hebshi 2017 ]. Most intriguingly, recent evidence raises the possibility that changes in salivary microbiome composition may have potential as biomarkers for detecting HNCs [ Krishnan 2017 ;Lim 2018 ; Lee 2017 ; Zhang 2020 ; LaRosa 2020 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The salivary metatranscriptome as an accurate diagnostic indicator of oral cancer

Banavar¹,

Ogundijo

Toma

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Despite advances in cancer treatment, the five-year mortality rate for oral cancers (OC) is 40%, mainly due to the lack of early diagnostics. To advance early diagnostics for high-risk and average-risk populations, we developed and evaluated machine-learning (ML) classifiers using metatranscriptomic data from saliva samples (n=433) collected from oral premalignant disorders (OPMD), OC patients (n=71) and normal controls (n=171). Our diagnostic classifiers yielded a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) up to 0.9, sensitivity up to 83% (92.3% for stage 1 cancer) and specificity up to 97.9%. Our metatranscriptomic signature incorporates both taxonomic and functional microbiome features, and reveals a number of previously known and novel taxa and functional pathways associated with OC. For the first time, we demonstrate the potential clinical utility of an AI/ML model for diagnosing OC early, opening a new era of non-invasive diagnostics, enabling early intervention and improved patient outcomes.

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“…However, the 5-year survival rate among patients with OSCC is low because of the poor prognosis, such as the occurrence of lymph node metastasis and local recurrence [2]. Recently, imbalanced microbiota or speci c microbes have been found to play an indispensable role in tumour initiation, progression and even chemoresistance [3][4][5][6]. For example, Helicobacter pylori plays a role in inducing or promoting gastric cancer [7], and different microorganisms, such as Fusobacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zymosan Promotes Proliferation, Candida albicans Adhesion and IL-1β Production of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro

Chen

Luo

Ding

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and the effect of zymosan (ZYM), a component of the yeast cell wall, on oral cancer remains unclear. The CCK-8 proliferation assay was performed to evaluate the effect of ZYM on the proliferation of the OSCC cell lines WSU-HN4, WSU-HN6 and CAL27, and the potential mechanism was explored by quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence assay and western blot. A cell adhesion assay was conducted to determine the adhesion of Candida albicans to OSCC cells, and the expression of related genes, including TLR2 , MyD88 , NLRP3 , ASC , Caspase-1 and IL-1β , and proteins, including TLR2, MyD88, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65 and E-cadherin was determined. Additionally, the pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β produced by OSCC cells were detected using a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). In the current study, the CCK-8 assay showed that ZYM promoted the proliferation of WSU-HN4, WSU-HN6 and CAL27 cells via the TLR2/MyD88 pathway. The cell adhesion assay showed that the number of C. albicans cells per field significantly increased in ZYM-treated OSCC cells compared to controls. When treated with ZYM, OSCC cells secreted significantly more pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which could enhance inflammation in oral cancer microenvironment. In conclusion, ZYM from the fungal cell wall promotes the proliferation, C. albicans adhesion and IL-1β production in OSCC, as demonstrated by in vitro experiments.

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Association of oral dysbiosis with oral cancer development (Review)

Cited by 75 publications

References 199 publications

The Oral Microbiome and Cancer

The Oral Microbiome and Cancer

The salivary metatranscriptome as an accurate diagnostic indicator of oral cancer

Zymosan Promotes Proliferation, Candida albicans Adhesion and IL-1β Production of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro

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