Association of Oral Behaviors with Anxiety, Depression, and Jaw Function in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association of oral behaviors (OBs) with anxiety, depression, and jaw function in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in China. Material/Methods A total of 537 patients diagnosed with TMD were included in this study (average age, 31.5512.08 years; 86 men [16.0%] and 451 women [84.0%]). There were 31 cases of masticatory muscle pain, 459 cases of disc displacement, and 13 cases of arthralgia/arthrosis, and 34 cases were uncategorized. Patients were assessed using the Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC), Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The relationships between OBC scores and mouth opening, pain scores, JFLS, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 were evaluated with Spearmans correlation analysis. The median TMD symptom duration was 3 (0.5154) months; men and women did not differ significantly in symptom duration or in the number of episodes of depression and anxiety. Results The following OBs were common in patients with TMDs: putting pressure on the jaw (52.9%), chewing food on 1 side (47.5%), and holding teeth together during activities other than eating (33.3%). The OBC scores were significantly correlated with the JFLS, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores ( P <0.01). Conclusions Patients with TMDs exhibit specific OBs, which are associated with depression, anxiety, and jaw function. It is necessary to further investigate the interaction of OBs with depression and anxiety in the development of TMDs.

Impact of different types of temporomandibular disorders on jaw functional limitation and psychological distress in orthodontic patients

“…The mean scores of JLFS‐8 in PT patients were close to a previous study involving 50 patients with myofascial pain (mean JLFS‐8 score = 12.74 ± 12.48) 36 . Likewise, there are some studies showing PT patients have more severe mandibular movement limitation, 16,37 which is consistent with our conclusion. In general, in terms of jaw functional limitation, PT patients are more serious than NPT patients, and NPT patients are more severe than TMD‐free participants.…”

“…[33][34][35] Interestingly, the orthodontic stage was also not associated with TMDs prevalence, which may support the prevailing notion that orthodontic treatment does not improve or cause TMDs. 23 Another intriguing point is that there is no significant difference in the choice of fixed appliance or clear aligners between TMDs patients and TMD-free subjects, which indicates the presence of Likewise, there are some studies showing PT patients have more severe mandibular movement limitation, 16,37 which is consistent with our conclusion. In general, in terms of jaw functional limitation, PT patients are more serious than NPT patients, and NPT patients are more severe than TMD-free participants.…”

Personality, psychosocial and oral behavioural risk factors for temporomandibular disorder symptoms in Asian young adults

“…22 Besides bruxism (repetitive masticatory muscle activity typified by clenching and/or grinding of teeth), other oral behaviours such as the application of pressure to the jaws and unilateral chewing were frequently observed in individuals with TMDs. 23 A new method of grouping and scoring oral behaviours was just introduced by Donnarumma et al 24 In addition to oral activities during sleep, subscales for nonfunctional (NFAs) and functional activities (FAs) were created for waking-state oral behaviours founded on the Oral Behaviour Checklist (OBC). 25 Both TMDs and oral behaviours could be influenced by personality traits (a person's characteristic pattern of thoughts, attitudes, feelings and behaviours), which affect the way psychosocial distress is controlled and relieved.…”

“…Psychological distress influences oral behaviours as well as somatic, and TMD symptoms and is thus a confounding variable. 15,21,23,35 It is plausible that the effects of psychological distress are mediated by somatisation and oral parafunction during sleep and wakefulness.…”

Effects of Warm Needle Acupuncture on Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Mouth-opening limitation, oral and maxillofacial pain, and joint clanging are the most common symptoms, which severely affects the quality of life of patients with TMD [ 1 , 2 ]. Anxiety, depression, somatization, and other psychological factors are closely related to the generation of TMD [ 3 , 4 ]. Epidemiological study has shown that about 10% of the population is affected by TMD, especially in 30-year-old women [ 5 ].…”