Association of optical tracklets from a geosynchronous belt survey via the direct Bayesian admissible region approach

Fujimoto, Kohei; Scheeres, Daniel J.; Herzog, Johannes; Schildknecht, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2013.11.021

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The observation strategy adopted for GEO, GTO and Molniya objects involves re-observing the same portion of sky every 40 s, which is compatible with Siminski et al (2014) and Fujimoto et al (2014). The measurement noise is Gaussian with zero mean and standard deviation σ = 0.5 arcsec.…”

Section: Dals Convergence Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear representation of the confidence region of orbits determined on short arcs

Principe

Armellín

Lizia

2019

Celest Mech Dyn Astr

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The total number of active satellites, rocket bodies, and debris larger than 10 cm is currently about 20,000. If all resident space objects larger than 1 cm are considered, this number increases to an estimate of 700,000 objects. The next generation of sensors will be able to detect small-size objects, producing millions of observations per day. However, due to observability constraints, long gaps between observations will be likely to occur, especially for small objects. As a consequence, when acquiring observations on a single arc, an accurate determination of the space object orbit and the associated uncertainty is required. This work aims to revisit the classical least squares method by studying the effect of nonlinearities in the mapping between observations and state. For this purpose, high-order Taylor expansions enabled by differential algebra are exploited. In particular, an arbitrary-order least squares solver is implemented using the high-order expansion of the residuals with respect to the state. Typical approximations of differential correction methods are then avoided. Finally, the confidence region of the solution is accurately characterized with a nonlinear approach, taking advantage of these expansions. The properties and performance of the proposed methods are assessed using optical observations of objects in LEO, HEO, and GEO.

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Section: Dals Convergence Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear representation of the confidence region of orbits determined on short arcs

Principe

Armellín

Lizia

2019

Celest Mech Dyn Astr

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“…Usually, whether two arcs are correlated is determined by the hypothesis test on the two IOD orbit element sets, in which the orbital mechanics constraints on the IOD orbit elements are applied [30,[38][39][40][41]. In case there are redundant observations, a self-consistency can be performed, such as in the inter-screen correlation of dual-screen radar [42], which has multiple position vectors for orbit determination and redundant velocity information to verify the orbit determination results.…”

Section: Association Of Two Arcs Based On Lambert Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Arc Association and Orbit Determination for New GEO Objects with Space-Based Optical Surveillance

Jian¹,

Lei

Zhao

et al. 2021

Aerospace

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For Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) objects, space-based optical surveillance has advantages over regional ground surveillance in terms of both the timeliness and space coverage. However, space-based optical surveillance may only collect sparse and short orbit arcs, and thus make the autonomous arc association and orbit determination a challenge for new GEO objects without a priori orbit information. In this paper, a three-step approach tackling these two critical problems is proposed. First, under the near-circular orbit assumption, a multi-point optimal initial orbit determination (IOD) method is developed to improve the IOD convergence rate and the accuracy of the IOD solution with angles-only observations over a short arc. Second, the Lambert equation is applied to associate two independent short arcs in an attempt to improve accuracy of the single-arc IOD semi-major axis (SMA) with the use of virtual ranges between the optical sensor and GEO object. The key idea in the second step is to generate accurate ranges at observation epochs, which, along with the real angle data, are then used to achieve much improved SMA accuracy. The third step is basically the repeated application of the second step to three or more arcs. The high success rate of arc associations and accurate orbit determination using the proposed approach are demonstrated with simulated space-based angle data over short arcs, each being only 3 min. The results show that the proposed approach is able to determine the orbit of a new GEO at a three-dimensional accuracy of about 15 km from about 10 arcs, each having a length of about 3 min, thus achieving reliable cataloguing of uncatalogued GEO objects. The IOD and two-arc association methods are also tested with the real ground-based observations for both GEO and LEO objects of near-circular orbits, further validating the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

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“…The applicability of the detection algorithm was tested on real images. These were acquired by the ZimSMART telescope (Fujimoto et al, 2014) at the Observatory of the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern, located in Zimmerwald. The images were taken with sidereal tracking, they contain streaks of artificial satellites with known positions in the sky and consequently with known coordinates on the acquired frames.…”

Section: Tests On Real Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved detection of faint streaks based on a streak-like spatial filter

Vananti

Schild

Schildknecht

2020

Advances in Space Research

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This paper presents an algorithm to detect very faint object streaks on CCD images acquired with an optical system. The proposed detection method uses image filters simulating the geometrical form and orientation of possible streaks on the CCD image. The method searches for a matching between streak and filter evaluating the convolutions of the image with all possible filters. Based on the statistics of the image background a threshold is applied in order to accept, respectively reject, the possible streak candidates. The detection probabilities and the effect of different parameter settings are estimated with tests on simulated images, while subframes of real images are used to evaluate the applicability of the algorithm to real cases. The detection probability of this method depends on the length and on the signal-to-noise ratio of the streak. For long streaks, a detection for signal-to-noise values around 0.5 is achieved. The further characterization of the detected streak (e.g. centroid and length), which is not performed in the current algorithm, and the reduction of the computation time, which is relatively high for full acquired frames, as well as possible improvements are briefly addressed.

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Association of optical tracklets from a geosynchronous belt survey via the direct Bayesian admissible region approach

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Nonlinear representation of the confidence region of orbits determined on short arcs

Nonlinear representation of the confidence region of orbits determined on short arcs

Short-Arc Association and Orbit Determination for New GEO Objects with Space-Based Optical Surveillance

Improved detection of faint streaks based on a streak-like spatial filter

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