Association of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with incident chronic kidney disease: pooled analysis of 19 cohorts

Abstract

Objective To assess the prospective associations of circulating levels of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) biomarkers (including plant derived α linolenic acid and seafood derived eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). Design Pooled analysis. Data sources A consortium of 19 studies from 12 countries identified up to May 2020. Study selection Prospective studies with measured n-3 PUFA biomarker data and incident CKD based on estimated glomerular filtration rate. Data extraction and synthesis Each participating cohort conducted de novo analysis with prespecified and consistent exposures, outcomes, covariates, and models. The results were pooled across cohorts using inverse variance weighted meta-analysis. Main outcome measures Primary outcome of incident CKD was defined as new onset estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . In a sensitivity analysis, incident CKD was defined as new onset estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and <75% of baseline rate. Results 25 570 participants were included in the primary outcome analysis and 4944 (19.3%) developed incident CKD during follow-up (weighted median 11.3 years). In multivariable adjusted models, higher levels of total seafood n-3 PUFAs were associated with a lower incident CKD risk (relative risk per interquintile range 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 0.98; P=0.009, I 2 =9.9%). In categorical analyses, participants with total seafood n-3 PUFA level in the highest fifth had 13% lower risk of incident CKD compared with those in the lowest fifth (0.87, 0.80 to 0.96; P=0.005, I 2 =0.0%). Plant derived α linolenic acid levels were not associated with incident CKD (1.00, 0.94 to 1.06; P=0.94, I 2 =5.8%). Similar results were obtained in the sensitivity analysis. The association appeared consistent across subgroups by age (≥60 v <60 years), estimated glomerular filtration rate (60-89 v ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ), hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease at baseline. Conclusions Higher seafood derived n-3 PUFA levels were associated with lower risk of incident CKD, although this association was not found for plant derived n-3 PUFAs. These results support a favourable role for seafood derived n-3 PUFAs in preventing CKD.

Dietary Consumption on Glycemic Control Among Prediabetes: A Review of the Literature

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Psychosocial and environmental risk factors of obesity and hypertension in children and adolescents—a literature overview

“…Low-fat dairy products, protein from plant-based food (i.e., legumes and cereals) or from selected animal products (i.e., small fish and white meat) can contribute to maintain a healthy lipid profile. Moreover a positive impact on kidney function (8% lower risk) was measured in individuals consuming omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from seafoods ( 10 ). In conclusion the correct lifestyle (food intake and physical activity) can prevent obesity and hypertension in children and adolescents; education needs to start from both parents and children.…”

Comparative genomics points to tandem duplications of SAD gene clusters as drivers of increased α‐linolenic (ω‐3) content in S. hispanica seeds

“…Several studies examining the effect of ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω‐3‐PUFAs) supplementation on human health suggest that they may help reduce several chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney dysfunction (Arredondo‐Mendoza et al., 2020; Creus et al., 2017; El‐Feky et al., 2022; Y.‐X. Liu et al., 2023; Meyer & De Groot, 2017; Ong et al., 2023; Onneken, 2018; Penson & Banach, 2020; Y. Xiao et al., 2022; X. Zhang et al., 2022).…”