Association of Occupation, Employment Contract, and Company Size with Mental Health in a National Representative Sample of Employees in Japan

Inoue, Akiomi; Kawakami, Norito; Tsuchiya, Masao; Sakurai, Kouhei; Hashimoto, Hideki

doi:10.1539/joh.o10002

Cited by 70 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The finding in this study that lower income was associated with a higher prevalence of psychological distress is in line with previous studies in which the association was generally dose-responsive [12][13][14]20]. In this study, however, the association appeared to show a threshold.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influences of income and employment on psychological distress and depression treatment in Japanese adults

Fukuda

Hiyoshi

2011

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives Psychological distress is a health issue of critical importance, especially in people of working age in developed countries, including Japan. This study examined the relationships of income and employment arrangement with psychological distress and treatment of depression in a national sample of Japanese adults. Methods Data for 10,959 men and 11,655 women 25-59 years of age, obtained from the Comprehensive Survey of the Living Conditions of People on Health and Welfare in 2007, were examined. Health outcomes were psychological distress measured by the Japanese version of the K6, subjective complaints and medical treatment of depression. Explanatory variables included marital status, employment arrangement, and household income. The relationships between health outcomes and explanatory variables were examined using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results Lower income and unemployment were associated with a higher prevalence of psychological distress and treatment of depression. The association between psychological distress and income showed a threshold: the lowest income quintile had an especially high prevalence, while other quintiles had similar prevalences. The prevalence of depression treatment in those with psychological distress was significantly lower in the highest income quintile than in all the other income groups, and the prevalence was also significantly lower in employed than in unemployed respondents. Conclusions This study showed clear relationships of lower income and unemployment with psychological distress and depression treatment. It has been suggested that people with higher socioeconomic status and full-time work may be reluctant to consult professionals and receive medical treatment, despite their psychological distress. Comprehensive mental health interventions are required to prevent psychological distress in all socioeconomic strata of the population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influences of income and employment on psychological distress and depression treatment in Japanese adults

Fukuda

Hiyoshi

2011

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…In addition, these findings were primarily based on particular job categories, and no largescale nationwide survey has been conducted on this topic. In Japan, only a few studies have compared precariously and permanently employed workers 19,20) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precarious Employment and Health: Analysis of the Comprehensive National Survey in Japan

2012

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Recent studies suggest that unstable employment contracts may affect the health of workers. Many Japanese workers working full time in ostensibly permanent positions actually operate within unstable and precarious employment conditions. We compared the health status of Japanese workers with precarious employment contracts with that of permanent workers using the 2007 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of the People on Health and Welfare (n=205,994). We classified their employment status as 'permanent' vs. 'precarious' (part-time, dispatch, or contract/ non-regular) and compared their health conditions. Among both sexes, precarious workers were more likely than permanent workers to have poor self-rated health or more subjective symptoms, with more workers in full-time employment suffering from serious psychological distress (SPD) and more female workers who smoke. Using logistic regression, we identified a positive association between precarious employment and SPD and current smoking among workers engaged in fulltime employment after adjusting for age, marital status, and work-related conditions. This study demonstrates that precarious employment contracts are associated with poor self-rated health, psychological distress, and tobacco use, especially among people working full-time jobs. These results suggest that engagement in full-time work under unstable employment status impairs workers' health.

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“…Finally, we calculated the relative poverty rate by employment contract and household structure based on the definition described above. In line with previous studies based on data from the CSLC 29,35) , we did not adjust the sample weights because the CSLC is not strictly based on probabilistic sampling and the sample weights the government offers are only useful for expanding the estimated totals of the number of households or household members from a sample to the subnational level 26) . All analyses were conducted using R version 2.12.2 36) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, selection bias caused by nonresponse or missing values could have influenced our results, although the response rates were relatively high in this field (76−79%). Fourth, we did not deal with the effect of clusters (i.e., census tracts and households), as we followed the methods of previous studies based on data from the CSLC to maintain comparability 29,35) . Because we analyzed data by sex and restricted the age range of participants, the cluster effect of households may be limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Self‐rated Health by Employment Contract and Household Structure among Japanese Employees: A Nationwide Cross‐sectional Study

Kachi

Inoue

Nishikitani

et al. 2014

Journal of Occupational Health

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Differences in Self‐rated Health by Employment Contract and Household Structure among Japanese Employees: A Nationwide Cross‐Sectional Study: Yuko KACHI, et al. Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School— Objectives The aim of this study was to examine whether the association between employment contract and self‐rated health differs by household structure in a representative sample of employees in Japan. Methods The participants were 81,441 male and 64,471 female employees aged 18−59 years who had participated in the 2010 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions. We assessed the interactive effect of employment contract (permanent or precarious) and household structure (couple only, couple with children, single parent, single person, or other multi‐person) on fair/poor health, adjusting for covariates by using logistic regression. We then calculated the relative poverty rate by employment contract and household structure. Results The interaction effect was significant for women (p<0.001) but not for men (p=0.413). A higher percentage of female precarious workers who lived in single‐parent households (20.2%) reported fair/poor health compared with those in other types of households (10.4−13.2%), although the prevalence of fair/poor health did not differ substantially by household structure among female permanent workers. The relative poverty rates of female precarious workers who lived in singleparent households were higher compared with those of other female workers. Conclusions Our results suggest that female precarious workers are not a homogeneous group and that those living in single‐parent households suffer from poor health due to low income and insufficient coverage by insurance firms and family‐based safety nets.

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Association of Occupation, Employment Contract, and Company Size with Mental Health in a National Representative Sample of Employees in Japan

Abstract: Association of Occupation, Employment

Cited by 70 publications

References 28 publications

Influences of income and employment on psychological distress and depression treatment in Japanese adults

Influences of income and employment on psychological distress and depression treatment in Japanese adults

Precarious Employment and Health: Analysis of the Comprehensive National Survey in Japan

Differences in Self‐rated Health by Employment Contract and Household Structure among Japanese Employees: A Nationwide Cross‐sectional Study

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