Association of Obesity and Cancer Risk in Canada

Pan, Sai Yi; Johnson, Kenneth C.; Ugnat, Anne-Marie; Wen, Shi Wu; Mao, Yang

doi:10.1093/aje/kwh041

Cited by 298 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Previous investigations of the relationship of BMI with renal cell carcinoma risk consistently found an association among women, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]12 and our results support these findings. Our finding of the greatest risk with high level of BMI (i.e., top 10% of BMI) among women is also in agreement with previous studies, 4,8,11,12,18,25 even though the cutpoints for the top 10% of BMI in the present study are, in general, smaller than those found in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This increase cannot be fully explained by early detection of presymptomatic tumors. 2 Overweight and obesity (expressed as body mass index (BMI)) have been consistently associated with an elevated risk of renal cell carcinoma among women, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and to a lesser degree, among men. 4,8,[10][11][12] Physical activity was inversely associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma in some, 4,[13][14][15] but not all 8,12,16,17 studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is variation among studies regarding the degree and time period of adulthood overweight that is associated with risk. [5][6][7]12 In addition, although body weight is modulated by metabolic factors, diet, and physical activity, few studies 8,9,11,13,18 have tried to disentangle the effects of obesity from diet and physical activity. To further evaluate the association of obesity, as expressed by BMI, with the risk of renal cell carcinoma, and to explore the inter-relationship between BMI and physical activity, we analyzed renal cell carcinoma data collected as part of a population-based case-control study of six cancer sites (bladder, kidney, pancreas, colon, rectum, and brain).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body mass index, physical activity, and risk of renal cell carcinoma

et al. 2006

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Objective: To investigate the association between obesity and risk of renal cell carcinoma and to examine whether the association is modified by physical activity. Subjects: A population-based case-control study of 406 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 2434 controls conducted in Iowa. Methods: Information was collected on weight at the ages 20-29, 40-49, and 60-69 years, height, nonoccupational physical activity, diet, and other lifestyle factors. Renal cell carcinoma risk was estimated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for age, total energy intake, and other confounding factors. Results: Height and total energy intake were not associated with risk in either sex. In men, neither physical activity nor level of obesity in any period of life was significantly associated with risk. In women, lower physical activity was associated with higher risk (OR ¼ 2.5; 95% CI ¼ 1.2-5.2 comparing exercise o1 time/month to 41 time/day). Compared with women in the lowest quartile for BMI, the risks of renal cell carcinoma for women in the highest 10% of BMI in their 20s, 40s, and 60s were 1.4 (CI ¼ 0.6-3.1), 1.9 (CI ¼ 0.9-4.2), and 2.3 (CI ¼ 0.9-6.0), respectively. When analyses were limited to self-respondent data, the corresponding ORs were 2.9 (CI ¼ 1.2-7.4), 3.2 (CI ¼ 1.3-7.5), and 2.1 (CI ¼ 0.7-6.4), respectively. There was little evidence that physical activity modifies the association of BMI with renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Nonoccupational physical activity was inversely associated and obesity was positively associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma among women. The risk appeared to be greater for women in the highest 10% of BMI in their 40s. Our finding of little evidence of an interaction between physical activity and BMI requires confirmation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body mass index, physical activity, and risk of renal cell carcinoma

et al. 2006

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“…A USA cohort study of transplant candidates found that obesity was an independent risk factor for HCC in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (OR 3.2) and cryptogenic cirrhosis (OR 11), but not in patients with hepatitis C, hepatitis B, primary biliary cirrhosis or autoimmune hepatitis, when taking account of diabetes and other confounders (Nair et al, 2002). On the other hand, no increased risk of liver cancer due to obesity was evident when adjusting for alcohol intake and other confounders in a population-based case-control study from Canada (Pan et al, 2004) and in a prospective population-based cohort study from Japan (Kuriyama et al, 2005).…”

Section: Diabetes and Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 93%

Southern Europe as an example of interaction between various environmental factors: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence

et al. 2006

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcohol consumption are major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. We performed a systematic review of epidemiologic studies carried out on HCC aetiology in Southern Europe, an area with an intermediatehigh prevalence of these agents as well as of putative risk factors such as tobacco smoking, diabetes and obesity. To retrieve the articles, we performed a Medline search for titles and abstracts of articles. After the Medline search, we reviewed the papers and reference lists to identify additional articles. A synergism between HCV infection and HBV infection, overt (hepatitis B virus antigen (HbsAg) positivity) or occult (HBsAg negativity with presence of HBV DNA in liver or serum), is suggested by the results of some studies. The pattern of the risk for HCC due to alcohol intake shows a continuous dose-effect curve without a definite threshold, although most studies found that HCC risk increased only for alcohol consumption above 40-60 g of ethanol per day. Some evidence supports a positive interaction of alcohol intake probably with HCV infection and possibly with HBV infection. A few studies found that coffee has a protective effect on HCC risk due to various risk factors. Some data also support a role of tobacco smoking, diabetes and obesity as single agents or preferably cofactors in causing HCC. In countries with a relatively high alcohol consumption and intermediate levels of HCV and HBV infections (1-3% of population infected by each virus), such as Mediterranean countries, the three main risk factors together account for about 85% of the total HCC cases, leaving little space to other known risk factors, such as haemochromatosis, and to new, still unrecognised, factors as independent causes of HCC.

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“…Excess body weight has proved to be an important risk factor for cancer, including postmenopausal breast cancer and cancers of the kidney, pancreas, colon and endometrium [1][2][3][4]. Obesity-related alterations in the production and metabolism of hormones like insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and sex-steroid hormones have been proposed to explain the link between adiposity and cancer risk [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-peptide, IGF-I, sex-steroid hormones and adiposity: a cross-sectional study in healthy women within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Bezemer

Rinaldi

Dossus

et al. 2005

Cancer Causes Control

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Objectives: The risk of some cancers is positively associated with body weight, which may influence circulating levels of sex-steroid hormones, insulin and IGF-I. Interrelationships between these hormones and the associations with adiposity were evaluated in healthy women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on anthropometric and hormonal data from 743 pre-and 1217 postmenopausal women. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were used as indicators of adiposity. C-peptide, Insulin Growth Factor (IGF)-I, Insulin Growth Factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3, androgens, estrogens and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured by immunoassays; free sex steroid concentrations were calculated. Results: BMI and waist circumference were positively correlated with estrogens in postmenopausal women and with C-peptide, free testosterone and inversely with SHBG in all women. C-peptide and IGF-I were inversely correlated with SHBG, and positively with free sex steroids in postmenopausal women. IGF-I was positively associated with postmenopausal estrogens and androgen concentrations in all women. Conclusions: Sex-steroid concentrations appear to be regulated along several axes. Adiposity correlated directly with estrogens in postmenopausal women and with insulin, resulting in lower SHBG and increased levels of free sex steroids. Independent of adiposity and insulin, IGF-I was associated with decreased SHBG levels, and increased concentrations of androgens and postmenopausal estrogens.

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Association of Obesity and Cancer Risk in Canada

Cited by 298 publications

References 47 publications

Body mass index, physical activity, and risk of renal cell carcinoma

Body mass index, physical activity, and risk of renal cell carcinoma

Southern Europe as an example of interaction between various environmental factors: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence

C-peptide, IGF-I, sex-steroid hormones and adiposity: a cross-sectional study in healthy women within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

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