Association of mitochondrial function and feed efficiency in poultry and livestock species1

Bottje, Walter; Carstens, G. E.

doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1379

Cited by 203 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Finally, the explanation for differences in RFI phenotype may be independent of mitochondria proteome. In fact other factors including protein turnover (Cruzen et al, 2013), stress (Bottje et al, 2006;Bottje and Carstens, 2009;Grubbs et al, 2013a), and potentially other cellular organelles and the systemic physiological response to those factors likely will contribute to changes in the observed RFI phenotype. In contrast, 8 generations of selection for RFI may have resulted in a stable shift in mitochondria proteome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the within high RFI and low RFI line comparisons, pigs were grouped based on RFI phenotype within their respective genetic line. (Bottje and Carstens, 2009;Kolath et al, 2006). The distinction between genetically selected RFI lines and phenotypic RFI differences is important when interpreting the molecular and cellular differences between high and low RFI animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria proteomes are altered in pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake1,2

Grubbs

Huff-Lonergan

Gabler

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Animals selected for residual feed intake (RFI) can be used as a model to elucidate molecular explanations for differences in growth efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the protein profile and posttranslational modifications of mitochondria from skeletal muscle and liver relate to feed efficiency gains in pigs divergently selected for RFI. Mitochondria were isolated from the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and the liver from pigs (n = 9 each for the high and low RFI line; BW = 95.8 kg). Mitochondria protein profile differences were determined using two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis. Proteins were identified using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In the line comparison, the β subunit of ATP synthase, heat shock protein (HSP) 60, and HSP70, were identified as being increased in mitochondria from the liver of the low RFI line (23 to 50%; P < 0.1). These differences were not observed in the other comparisons. In the LD, proteins identified as being different between RFI phenotypes included HSP70 and subunit 1 of the cytochrome bc1 complex. These data indicate that genetic selection for RFI tends to result in a consistent change in mitochondrial protein profile. In contrast, classification by phenotype demonstrates that phenotypic differences in RFI are not specifically associated with alterations of the mitochondria protein profile. ABSTRACT: Animals selected for residual feed intake (RFI) can be used as a model to elucidate molecular explanations for differences in growth efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the protein profile and posttranslational modifications of mitochondria from skeletal muscle and liver relate to feed efficiency gains in pigs divergently selected for RFI. Mitochondria were isolated from the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and the liver from pigs (n = 9 each for the high and low RFI line; BW = 95.8 kg). Mitochondria protein profile differences were determined using twodimensional difference in gel electrophoresis. Proteins were identified using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In the line comparison, the β subunit of ATP synthase, heat shock protein (HSP) 60, and HSP70, were identified as being increased in mitochondria from the liver of the low RFI line (23 to 50%; P < 0.1). These differences were not observed in the other comparisons. In the LD, proteins identified as being different between RFI phenotypes included HSP70 and subunit 1 of the cytochrome bc1 complex. These data indicate that genetic selection for RFI tends to result in a consistent change in mitochondrial protein profile. In contrast, classification by phenotype demonstrates that phenotypic differences in RFI are not specifically associated with alterations of the mitochondria protein profile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria proteomes are altered in pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake1,2

Grubbs

Huff-Lonergan

Gabler

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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“…As an extreme example, it has been proposed that genetic predisposition to possessing mitochondria which are more vulnerable to oxidative stress has the potential to lower efficiency due to magnified electron transport chain leak and production of reactive oxygen species (Bottje et al 2002(Bottje et al , 2006Bottje and Carstens 2009). However, it may seem unlikely, as an overarching factor on which energy use efficiency is dependant, that this would have remained suboptimal after natural selection.…”

Section: Metabolic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for efficiency in the broiler chicken: A review

Tallentire

Leinonen

Kyriazakis

2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

165

120

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Artificial selection of broiler chickens for commercial objectives has been employed at an unprecedented magnitude over the recent decades. Consequently, the number of days, total feed and in turn energy, required to raise a broiler to slaughter weight, have decreased dramatically. Feed provision is the poultry industry's biggest environmental hotspot; hence, understanding the interactions between the birds' genetic change and their energy use efficiency forms the necessary starting point for quantifying and predicting and thereby mitigating the future environmental impact of the poultry sector. This review assesses the consequences of artificial selection on the following traits: digestive efficiency, body composition and utilisation of metabolisable energy for growth and metabolic activity. The main findings were (1) the digestive system has been subjected to much physical change due to selection in the recent decades, but this has not led to any apparent change in digestion efficiency. (2) Both the energy intake per day and the metabolic heat production rate have increased in the recent decades whilst (3) the efficiency of utilising energy for growth has also increased; this is due to an increased growth rate, so that broilers reach slaughter weight more quickly and therefore need to allocate less energy overall to metabolic processes, with the exception of growth. (4) There may have been a reduction in the tendency to waste feed through spillage and carry out energetically expensive behaviors. There is a discrepancy in the literature with regards to the influence of selection on body composition and its contribution to feed efficiency. In this review, two scenarios are demonstrated, whereby body composition either has or has not altered via artificial selection. Understanding the effects of artificial selection on the traits that relate to the feed efficiency of the broilers will contribute towards the reduction of the environmental impacts that arise from such systems.

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“…Determination of the MRA is a method to investigate oxygen consumption of the tissue and has been analysed in muscle/meat samples from poultry (Tang et al, 2002;Opalka et al, 2004;Bottje and Carstens, 2009). Using the skinned fibre technique, Opalka et al (2004) also showed significantly higher MRAs in the MIL in comparison with the MPS, and this difference is related to the higher percentage of oxidative FTO and STO fibres in the leg muscle and the accompanied increasing oxidative metabolism, as already discussed in the previous chapter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Mitochondrial respiratory and antioxidative enzyme activities in turkey meat

Janisch

Wicke

Krischek

2012

Animal

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Meat quality and (anti)oxidative metabolism of m. pectoralis superficialis (MPS), m. gastrocnemius (MG) and m. iliotibilialis lateralis (MIL) from turkey toms were analysed. After slaughter, pH of MPS and MG decreased and electrical conductivity of the MPS increased. The MG had generally higher pH values. The meat lightness (L*) and redness (a*) increased in MG and MPS after slaughter. The MPS always had higher L* and lower a* values. Mitochondrial respiratory activities (MRA) were higher in the MIL than the MPS. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase, analysed in the MPS, increased and the glutathione reductase activity decreased after slaughter. Meat samples with lower pH 24 h p.m. had higher drip loss and L* values. The MRA were tendentially lower and the SOD activities higher in these samples. These results indicate a relation between the meat quality, the antioxidative metabolism and mitochondrial respiration.Keywords: turkey, mitochondrial respiration, antioxidative enzyme activities, meat quality ImplicationsAn increasing amount of turkey breast meat is sold in selfservice packages. Because of this, meat colour differences between meat pieces or higher drip loss are more obvious to consumers, which is one of the reasons for increasing complaints. The muscle-to-meat transition is a complex process, characterised by a decrease in pH and a change in the oxidative status, revealing the simultaneous production of reactive oxidative substances by mitochondria and the activation of the corresponding antioxidative enzymes. The aim of this study was to elucidate the changes in these oxidative processes after animal slaughter in relation to meat quality differences. IntroductionAlthough the colour variation of poultry meat under modified atmospheric conditions could be, to a certain degree, physiologically explicable (Werner et al., 2009), at the time of purchase consumers show concern, especially if meat is characterised by a heterogeneous appearance, poor texture and cohesiveness, and a higher drip loss (Barbut, 2009). This meat is referred to as pale, soft and exudative (PSE)-like meat with similarities to PSE pork (Barbut, 2009;Petracci et al., 2009). Colour of meat is related to the total myoglobin (Mb) content and the proportion of the Mb redox forms oxy-, deoxy-and met-Mb. Total Mb content is influenced by gender, genetics, age and, within a species, muscle type. An important feature is the fibre-type composition of the muscles, with breast muscles only consisting of fast-twitch glycolytic (FTG) fibres containing low Mb and mitochondria concentrations, and leg muscles additionally containing Mb and mitochondria-rich slow-twitch oxidative (STO) fibres (Papinaho et al., 1996;Mancini and Hunt, 2005). Proportions of oxy-, deoxy-and metMb are strongly related to the oxidative status of the tissue influenced by the oxygen consumption and the antioxidative capacity of the tissue (Figueiredo et al., 2008). The electron transport chain (ETC) of mitochondria is not only responsible for...

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Association of mitochondrial function and feed efficiency in poultry and livestock species1

Cited by 203 publications

References 115 publications

Liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria proteomes are altered in pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake1,2

Liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria proteomes are altered in pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake1,2

Breeding for efficiency in the broiler chicken: A review

Mitochondrial respiratory and antioxidative enzyme activities in turkey meat

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