Association of Mediterranean Diet With Cognitive Decline Among Diverse Hispanic or Latino Adults From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Moustafa, Bayan; Trifan, Gabriela; Isasi, Carmen R.; Lipton, Richard B.; Cai, Jianwen; Tarraf, Wassim; Stickel, Ariana; Mattei, Josiemer; Talavera, Gregory A.; Daviglus, Martha L.; González, Hector M.; Testai, Fernando D.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.21982

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…From the 83 prospective studies, 18 [ 7 , 11 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ] assessed change in global cognitive performance (total n = 30,932), 44 [ 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most (52/64; 81%), were self-administered, although 12 studies (18%) reported FFQ administration by a trained individual [ 7 , 45 , 48 , 55 , 63 , 64 , 76 , 84 , 92 , 93 , 106 , 107 ]. Eleven studies (12%) used other recall methods (e.g., 24 hr recalls or diet history) of which, 7 were administered by trained researchers/dietitians [ 43 , 47 , 60 , 62 , 72 , 79 , 98 , 108 ], 2 via computerised software [ 38 , 42 ] and one via weighed dietary recall [ 49 ]. Five studies (6%) used diet diaries [ 35 , 39 , 40 , 47 , 104 ] and 4 of these studies specifically stated food diaries had received input from trained individuals (i.e., quality checking or comprehensive instructional guidance) [ 39 , 40 , 47 , 104 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most (58/83; 70%) studies assessed dietary intake at 1-time point to derive DPs. The remaining 24 studies [ 10 , 35 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 49 , 51 , 54 , 66 , 69 , 75 , 79 , 81 , 84 , 93 , 100 , 102 , 103 , 107 , 109 , 110 ] used repeated measures of dietary intake and one study [ 90 ] lacked information about the time points for diet assessment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole Dietary Patterns, Cognitive Decline and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Prospective and Intervention Studies

et al. 2023

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Dementia prevalence is a global public health concern. Adherence towards a healthy dietary pattern (DP) may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. This narrative systematic review aimed to synthesise prospective and intervention study data to evaluate the impact of a-posteriori and a-priori derived DPs on cognitive ageing, from cognitive decline to incident dementia. Ninety-three studies were included: 83 prospective studies and 10 randomised controlled trials (RCT). Most prospective studies (77%) examined a-priori DPs, with the Mediterranean diet examined most frequently. A total of 52% of prospective and 50% of RCTs reported a protective relationship between ‘healthy’ DPs and global cognitive decline. Overall, 59% of prospective studies reported positive associations between healthy DPs and risk of cognitive disorder. Incident cognitive disorder was examined by only one intervention study (subgroup analysis) which reported a beneficial effect of a low-fat diet on risk of probable dementia in women. Unhealthy DPs were examined less frequently (n = 17; 21%), with 41% of these studies reporting associations between adherence and poorer cognitive outcomes. Overall, there were mixed results for healthy and unhealthy DPs on cognition, likely due to between-study heterogeneity. Standardisation of diet exposure and cognitive outcome measurement would help to reduce this. Future research would benefit from investigating effects of culturally appropriate DPs on individual cognitive domains and incident cognitive disorders in diverse and high-risk populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole Dietary Patterns, Cognitive Decline and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Prospective and Intervention Studies

et al. 2023

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“…Defining a healthy DP is important for creating dietary guidelines and defining practices to monitor and improve diet quality, both at the individual level and for the general population [ 26 ]. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) pattern in middle-aged and elderly populations correlates with better cognitive abilities [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Our list ( Table 1 ) is consistent with the main characteristics of MeDi, including consumption of fruits, vegetables, olive oils, whole grains products, fish, low-fat milk products, poultry, tea, coffee and reduced consumption of red meat, sausages and refined cereals, which negatively impact on brain function ( Table 2 ) [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Patterns of Polish Esports Players

2022

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The aim of this study was to quantify the dietary patterns (DPs) of Polish esports players aged 18–26 years. Data were obtained via questionnaires that assessed dietary habits and frequency of food consumption. Dietary patterns were derived using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA). In total, nine distinct DPs were identified. Eight DPs were considered unhealthy; fast food', 'High-processed food, meat and confectionery', 'Sweet', 'Fat-diary products', 'Vegetable-fruit', 'Spices and additives', 'Fats' and 'Cereal'; and only one was deemed healthy. E-athletes presented mostly poor dietary habits, which included: irregular eating of meals, frequent snacking, at least three meals a day and composition of snacks, frying of meat dishes and sweetening of hot drinks. Healthy dietary habits included proper hydration during the day and consumption of mainly non-sparkling water. The unbalanced and largely unhealthy dietary habits of esports players raise health concerns for these e-athletes, particularly when combined with a sedentary lifestyle. Future research could assess the nutritional knowledge of this group as it relates to national guidelines, investigate interventions designed to introduce healthier eating options into their lifestyle and examine the relationship between DPs and health or cognitive performance.

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“…Adherence to the MedDiet, using a well-established scoring methodology (Panagiotakos et al, 2007), was also associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline in the Memory and Ageing project, a cohort based in the USA (Tangney et al, 2011). Analysis of a cohort study recruiting from the Hispanic community similarly found a significant association between MedDiet adherence, better cognitive performance at the first visit and a slower cognitive decline over 7 years compared to those with lower adherence (Moustafa et al, 2022). A randomized control trial that allocated participants in the USA with normal cognition and MCI to either the MedDiet or Western diet found a borderline significant interaction between diet, diagnosis and time for the cognitive composite, however no individual comparisons between the groups were significant for the cognitive outcome (Hoscheidt et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean diet score is associated with greater allocentric processing in the EPAD LCS cohort: A comparative analysis by biogeographical region

Gregory

Ritchie²,

Ritchie³

et al. 2022

Front. Aging

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Background: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), a primarily plant-based eating pattern, has been associated with lower dementia incidence. Much of the research has focused on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with less research looking at the preclinical symptomatically silent stages that pre-empt MCI and AD dementia. Although there is evidence from studies conducted globally, no studies have compared the effects of the MedDiet within and outside of the Mediterranean region in one cohort.Methods: Our study explored cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between MedDiet and cognition in the pan-European EPAD LCS, comparing those living within and outside of the Mediterranean region (as classified by European Union biogeographical definitions). After deriving MEDAS scores to quantify adherence to the MedDiet, we used linear regression and linear mixed effects models to test for associations between the MEDAS score and cognitive function measured by the Four Mountains Test (FMT) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). We additionally calculated MEDAS continuous and PYRAMID scores to provide alternative measures of MedDiet adherence.Results: We included 1826 participants, mean age 65.69 (±7.42) years, majority female (56.2%) with family history (65.8%) and minority APOEε4 carriers (38.9%). Higher MEDAS scores were associated with better performance on the FMT both cross-sectionally (n = 1,144, ß: −0.11, SE: 0.04, p = 0.007) and longitudinally (slope: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.04–0.17, p: 0.002). The effect was marginally greater in the Mediterranean region in the cross-sectional analysis, with a stronger effect emerging longitudinally. In exploratory analyses, the association between MEDAS and FMT scores was only seen in female participants. A sensitivity analysis excluding Toulouse and Perugia, as cities near, but not within, the biogeographical region, found significant associations between higher MEDAS and MEDAS continuous scores, and a number of RBANS total and index scores.Conclusion: MedDiet adherence is associated with better FMT scores, with effects seen most strongly in the Mediterranean region from longitudinal data. Our sensitivity analysis suggested a more global cognitive benefit of MedDiet adherence. This study highlights the need to further explore for whom and for what brain health outcomes the MedDiet confers benefit. This evidence would identify a window of opportunity in the life-course to maximise the benefit and better inform public health campaigns and patient-level interventions.

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Association of Mediterranean Diet With Cognitive Decline Among Diverse Hispanic or Latino Adults From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Whole Dietary Patterns, Cognitive Decline and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Prospective and Intervention Studies

Whole Dietary Patterns, Cognitive Decline and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Prospective and Intervention Studies

Nutrition Patterns of Polish Esports Players

Mediterranean diet score is associated with greater allocentric processing in the EPAD LCS cohort: A comparative analysis by biogeographical region

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