Association of Lower Limb Compression Garments During High-Intensity Exercise with Performance and Physiological Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Silva, César Augusto da; Helal, Lucas; Silva, Roberto Pacheco da; Belli, Karlyse Claudino; Umpierre, Daniel; Stein, Ricardo

doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0927-z

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…One of the main reasons for wearing CS during exercise is probably the expectation of performance enhancement due to potential physiological effects. 2 This includes better venous return which hasten metabolic removal from the exercising muscles 31 and reduce cardiac load, 26 improved proprioceptive feedback and better movement accuracy, 32 reduced muscle oscillations, lower muscle damage, inflammation, and soreness. 6,31 In the current review, only three studies found some CS-induced benefit on performance but did not present adirect mechanistic explanation.…”

Section: Cs and Performance Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Over time, the interest from the basic medical area has expanded to other fields like Sports Medicine. 2 Nowadays, recreational and professional athletes have used CS as a tool for improving performance or accelerate recovery from training or competitions, and also to reduce lower limb volume, 3,4 relieve symptoms of muscle soreness, and fatigue. [3][4][5][6] Such popularity is probably boosted by the possibility to obtain potential ergogenic benefits with a simple and low-cost aid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

<p>Effects of Wearing Compression Stockings on Exercise Performance and Associated Indicators: A Systematic Review</p>

Mota¹,

Simim²,

Santos³

et al. 2020

OAJSM

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This systematic review investigated the effects of wearing below-knee compression stockings (CS) on exercise performance (or sports activity) and associated physiological and perceived indicators. We searched articles on PubMed using the following terms: "graduated compression stockings"; "compression stockings"; "graduated compression socks"; "compression socks" combined with "performance", "athletes", "exercise", "exercise performance", "fatigue", "sports" and "recovery", resulting in 1067 papers. After checking for inclusion criteria (e.g., original studies, healthy subjects, performance analysis), 21 studies were selected and analyzed. We conclude that wearing CS during exercise improved performance in a small number of studies. However, wearing CS could benefit muscle function indicators and perceived muscle soreness during the recovery period. Future research should investigate the chronic effect of CS on Sports Medicine and athletic performance.

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Section: Cs and Performance Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Effects of Wearing Compression Stockings on Exercise Performance and Associated Indicators: A Systematic Review</p>

Mota¹,

Simim²,

Santos³

et al. 2020

OAJSM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Inconsistent findings may be caused by heterogeneous conditions [55,57] and no consensus for optimal application time, applied pressure, composition as well as shape and design [57] could be provided thus far. Overall there is limited evidence to suggest that compression garments impact athletic performance [58,59,60], but there may be legitimation for its use in terms of recovery [55,57,61,62].…”

Section: Treatments and Strategies To Target Exercise-induced Muscmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Injuries in Triathletes: Considerations for Olympic Distance Races

Hotfiel

Mayer

Huettel

et al. 2019

Sports

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The triathlon is one of the fastest developing sports in the world due to expanding participation and media attention. The fundamental change in Olympic triathlon races from a single to a multistart event is highly demanding in terms of recovery from and prevention of exercise-induced muscle injures. In elite and competitive sports, ultrastructural muscle injuries, including delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), are responsible for impaired muscle performance capacities. Prevention and treatment of these conditions have become key in regaining muscular performance levels and to guarantee performance and economy of motion in swimming, cycling and running. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current findings on the pathophysiology, as well as treatment and prevention of, these conditions in compliance with clinical implications for elite triathletes. In the context of DOMS, the majority of recovery interventions have focused on different protocols of compression, cold or heat therapy, active regeneration, nutritional interventions, or sleep. The authors agree that there is a compelling need for further studies, including high-quality randomized trials, to completely evaluate the effectiveness of existing therapeutic approaches, particularly in triathletes. The given recommendations must be updated and adjusted, as further evidence emerges.

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“…Multiple meta-analyses have investigated the effects of CGs on sports performance and post-exercise recovery [ 7 – 9 ]. Engel et al [ 7 ] found in their meta-analysis that using compression clothing, defined as knee-high socks, sleeves, or shorts, slightly improves running economy (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, they reported that using compression sleeves or stockings slightly improves biomechanical variables (mean G= 0.21±0.38; range − 0.33 to 0.72), such as ground contact time, step frequency, step length and swing time, and the psychological variable perceived exertion (mean G= 0.28±0.38; range − 0.31 to 1.21) [ 7 ]. Whereas, the meta-analysis by Da Silva et al [ 9 ] found no effect of lower leg CGs on high-intensity exercise performance, defined as time difference in a maximum running test across specific distances (50–400 m, 800–3000 m, or > 5000 m), compared to no CGs or placebo garments. Regarding post-exercise recovery, two meta-analyses showed that using CGs decreases post-exercise leg soreness and delayed the onset of muscle fatigue and exercise induced-muscle damage respectively [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower extremity compression garments use by athletes: why, how often, and perceived benefit

Franke

Backx

Huisstede

2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Studies on the benefits of lower extremity compression garments (CGs) have focused on their effects on post-exercise recovery and performance improvement. Less is known about why athletes actually use CGs, the frequency with which they use them, and perceived benefits from using CGs. The purpose of this study was to investigate which athletes use CGs, why athletes use CGs, when CGs are worn by athletes, and, in case of an injury or injury prevention, for which injuries CGs are used. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 512 athletes who used lower extremity CGs. Athletes completed a questionnaire on the type of CGs they used, and when and why they used them. They also reported their sports participation, past and current sports injuries, and the perceived benefits of using CGs. Results 88.1% (n=451) of the athletes were endurance athletes and 11.9% (n=61) were non-endurance athletes. Endurance and non-endurance athletes reported running (84.7%, n=382) and obstacle course racing (24.6%, n=15) the most frequently as primary sports, respectively. The most-used CG was the compression sock (59.2%, n=303). In total, 47.5% (n=246) of the athletes used a CG primarily to prevent re-injury and 14.5% (n=74) to reduce symptoms of a current sports injury. Other primary reported aims were primary prevention (13.6%), post-exercise recovery (14.3%), sports performance improvement (8.8%), and to look good (0.2%). The point prevalence of past and current sports injuries among all athletes was 84.2 and 20.2%, respectively. The most common current sports injuries were shin and calf injuries. Many athletes “always” or “often” used their CGs during training (56.8%, n=279) and competitions (72.9%, n=264). Furthermore, almost 90% of the athletes that aimed to prevent re-injury by using CGs reported that CGs contributed to secondary injury prevention. Conclusion 88% of the CG-users were endurance athletes, of which 85% were runners. All athletes mainly used CGs to prevent injury recurrence, but also to reduce symptoms of a current sports injury. A majority of the athletes reported positive perceived effects from the CGs. CGs were used more during than after sports participation.

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Association of Lower Limb Compression Garments During High-Intensity Exercise with Performance and Physiological Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract: LLCGs were not associated with improved performance in VJ, VOmax, VOsubmax, [La], or RPE during high-intensity exercise. Such evidence should be taken into account when considering using LLCGs to enhance running performance.

Cited by 24 publications

References 66 publications

<p>Effects of Wearing Compression Stockings on Exercise Performance and Associated Indicators: A Systematic Review</p>

<p>Effects of Wearing Compression Stockings on Exercise Performance and Associated Indicators: A Systematic Review</p>

Accelerating Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Injuries in Triathletes: Considerations for Olympic Distance Races

Lower extremity compression garments use by athletes: why, how often, and perceived benefit

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