Association of Low Birth Weight and Premature Birth With the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

Liao, Lihong; Deng, Yamin; Zhao, Dongchi

doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00405

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…21 The reduction in birthweight is also strongly suspected to contribute to the development of obesity later in life. 22 Our study is also in line with some experimental studies reporting a decrease in body weight at birth in females and males prenatally exposed to stress, 23,24 though the animal model, route, GC dose and the duration of administration were different. Most of the studies in prenatal stress (GC administration or maternal stress during gestation) assessed only males or do not specify sex, although also demonstrating a reduction in body weight at birth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Sex‐specific changes in peripheral metabolism in a model of chronic anxiety induced by prenatal stress

Ferreira

Galvão

Gaspar

et al. 2021

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background: Prenatal stress is associated with increased susceptibility to psychiatric and metabolic disorders later in life. Prenatal exposure to stress mediators may have sex-dependent effects on offspring brain and metabolic function, promoting a sex-specific vulnerability to psychopathology and metabolic alterations at adulthood. In this work, the impact of prenatal stress on glucose homeostasis and peripheral metabolism of male and female offspring was investigated in a chronic anxiety animal model. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats were injected with saline or glucocorticoid (dexamethasone: 1 mg/kg, subcutaneous) at gestational days 18 and 19. Male and female offspring weight was monitored, and anxious-like behaviour and peripheral insulinsensitive tissues were analysed at adulthood. Results: At birth, females and males prenatally exposed to stress presented decreased body weight which remained low in females. At adulthood, a morphological disorganization of the Langerhans islets was observed in both sexes prenatally exposed to stress, yet not changes in insulin levels were detected. Also, prenatal stress increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) levels in female and male adipose tissues and decreased insulin receptor levels in the liver and skeleton muscle but only in females. Conclusions: Exposure to stress mediators in critical periods of development negatively affects behaviour and metabolism. Prenatal stress programmes offspring peripheral metabolism in a sex-specific manner, emphasizing that the response to stress in critical periods of development may be sex-specific having each sex different vulnerabilities to psychiatric and metabolic disorders. Considering sex-specificities may provide critical clues for the design of preventive strategies and for early therapeutic intervention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Sex‐specific changes in peripheral metabolism in a model of chronic anxiety induced by prenatal stress

Ferreira

Galvão

Gaspar

et al. 2021

Eur J Clin Investigation

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“…A growing body of evidence shows that prematurely born individuals have increased risks of individual chronic diseases (including metabolic syndrome [23,24], ischaemic heart disease [19], asthma [27] and depression [31]) in the early part of the life course. The findings presented here suggest that these risks also translate to increased risks of co-occurrence of multiple diseases among preterm born adolescents and young adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic disease multimorbidity was defined as one individual having records of two or more non-communicable chronic diseases (psychiatric or somatic) during the same or subsequent secondary care episode(s). The diseases constituting multimorbidity were selected based on evidence on commonly occurring diseases among preterm and term born adolescents and young adults [21,24,25,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Multimorbidity was identified using data on both in-patient and out-patient hospital care (referred to in the Nordic context as specialised healthcare), based on diagnostic codes listed in S1…”

Section: Chronic Disease Multimorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preterm birth constitutes approximately 6% of all births in Finland and the Nordic countries, and 11% of births worldwide [13,15,16]. Children and adults who were born prematurely have increased risks of many diseases and health conditions, including low cognitive abilities [17,18] and cardiometabolic [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], respiratory [26,27] and neuropsychiatric diseases [28][29][30]. Compared to term-born young adults, those who were born preterm have been estimated to have (depending on the degree of prematurity) 2.5-to 4.0-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome [23,24], 1.19-to 1.53-fold increased risk of ischaemic heart disease [19], 1.7-to 3.6-fold increased risk of asthma [27], 1.4-to 3.0-fold increased risk of depression [31], 1.35-to 2.31.fold increased risk of autism-spectrum disorders [29] and 1.23-to 1.44-fold increased risk of mortality [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preterm birth and the risk of chronic disease multimorbidity in adolescence and early adulthood: A population-based cohort study

et al. 2021

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Background People who were born prematurely have high risks of many individual diseases and conditions in the early part of the life course. However, our knowledge of the burden of multiple diseases (multimorbidity) among prematurely born individuals is limited. We aimed to investigate the risk and patterns of chronic disease multimorbidity in adolescence and early adulthood among individuals born across the spectrum of gestational ages, comparing preterm and full-term born individuals. Methods and findings We used individual-level data from linked nationwide registers to examine the associations of gestational age at birth with specialised healthcare records of ≥2 chronic diseases (multimorbidity) in adolescence (age 10–17 years) and early adulthood (age 18–30 years). Our study population comprised 951,116 individuals (50.2% females) born alive in Finland between 1st January 1987 and 31st December 2006, inclusive. All individuals were followed from age 10 years to the onset of multimorbidity, emigration, death, or 31 December 2016 (up to age 30 years). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for multimorbidity using flexible parametric survival models. During 6,417,903 person-years at risk (median follow-up: 7.9 years), 11,919 individuals (1.3%) had multimorbidity in adolescence (18.6 per 10,000 person-years). During 3,967,419 person-years at risk (median follow-up: 6.2 years), 15,664 individuals (1.7%) had multimorbidity in early adulthood (39.5 per 10,000 person-years). Adjusted HRs for adolescent multimorbidity, comparing preterm to full-term born individuals, were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.22 to 1.36) and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.35) in females and males, respectively. The associations of preterm birth with early adult multimorbidity were less marked, with the adjusted HRs indicating 1.18-fold risk in females (95% CI: 1.12 to 1.24) and 1.10-fold risk in males (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.17). We observed a consistent dose-response relationship between earlier gestational age at birth and increasing risks of both multimorbidity outcomes. Compared to full-term born males, those born at 37–38 weeks (early term) had a 1.06-fold risk of multimorbidity in adolescence (95% CI: 0.98 to 1.14) and this risk increased in a graded manner up to 6.85-fold (95% CI: 5.39 to 8.71) in those born at 23–27 weeks (extremely premature), independently of covariates. Among females, the same risks ranged from 1.16-fold (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.23) among those born at 37–38 weeks to 5.65-fold (95% CI: 4.45 to 7.18) among those born at 23–27 weeks. The corresponding risks of early adult multimorbidity were similar in direction but less marked in magnitude, with little difference in risks between males and females born at 36–37 weeks but up to 3-fold risks observed among those born at 23–27 weeks. Conclusions Our findings indicate that an earlier gestational age at birth is associated with increased risks of chronic disease multimorbidity in the early part of the life course. There are currently no clinical guidelines for follow-up of prematurely born individuals beyond childhood, but these observations suggest that information on gestational age would be a useful characteristic to include in a medical history when assessing the risk of multiple chronic diseases in adolescent and young adult patients.

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“…Preterm birth has been associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome later in life (Liao et al, 2020). In fact, a meta-analysis of the literature has shown that preterm birth was significantly associated with increased fat mass, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and insulinemia, indicating that these individuals are at greater risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases during adulthood (Markopoulou et al, 2019).…”

Section: Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 During Development: A Matter of Concern

Saavedra

Prates

Gonçalves

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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A new infectious disease, COVID-19, has spread around the world. The most common symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are cough and fever, but severe cases can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. The main receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in human tissue is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and the lungs, heart, and kidneys are the most affected organs. Besides the inflammatory process and tissue damage, the presence of a cytokine “storm” has been related to a higher mortality rate. Other infectious viral diseases, such as Zika, chikungunya, and influenza, were associated with complications in pregnant women, such as growth restriction, malformation, preterm birth, low birth weight, miscarriage, and death, although they can also cause developmental disorders in infants and adolescents. Evidence points out that stressors during pregnancy and infancy may lead to the development of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we hypothesize that COVID-19 infection during the critical phases of development can program the individual to chronic diseases in adulthood. It is important that COVID-19 patients receive proper monitoring as a way to avoid expensive costs to public health in the future.

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Association of Low Birth Weight and Premature Birth With the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 45 publications

Sex‐specific changes in peripheral metabolism in a model of chronic anxiety induced by prenatal stress

Sex‐specific changes in peripheral metabolism in a model of chronic anxiety induced by prenatal stress

Preterm birth and the risk of chronic disease multimorbidity in adolescence and early adulthood: A population-based cohort study

COVID-19 During Development: A Matter of Concern

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