Association of long-term exposure to PM_2.5 with hypertension prevalence and blood pressure in China: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

ObjectiveEvidence of the effects of long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on hypertension and blood pressure is limited for populations exposed to high levels of PM2.5. We aim to assess associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 with hypertension prevalence and blood pressure, and further explore the subpopulation differences and effect modification by participant characteristics in these associations in China.MethodsWe analysed cross-sectional data from 883 827 participants aged 35–75 years in the China Patient-Centred Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Million Persons Project. Data from the monitoring station were used to estimate the 1-year average concentration of PM2.5. The associations of PM2.5 exposure with hypertension prevalence and blood pressure were investigated by generalised linear models, with PM2.5 included as either linear or spline functions.ResultsThe 1-year PM2.5 exposure of the study population ranged from 8.8 to 93.8 µg/m3 (mean 49.2 µg/m3). The adjusted OR of hypertension prevalence related to a 10 μg/m3 increase in 1-year PM2.5 exposure was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.05). Each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 exposure was associated with increases of 0.19 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.28) and 0.13 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.18) in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. The concentration–response curves for hypertension prevalence and systolic blood pressure showed steeper slopes at higher PM2.5 levels; while the curve for diastolic blood pressure was U-shaped. The elderly, men, non-current smokers and obese participants were more susceptible to the exposure of PM2.5.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with higher blood pressure and increased risk of hypertension prevalence. The effects of PM2.5 on hypertension prevalence become more pronounced at higher PM2.5 levels. These findings emphasise the need to reduce air pollution, especially in areas with severe air pollution.

Sex differences and dietary patterns in the association of air pollutants and hypertension

“…Notably, malesexhibited a higher susceptibility to long-term exposure to PM 2.5 with an attributable fraction of hypertension reaching 3.6% (95% CI, 3.4 to 3.7), compared to only 0.5% (95% CI, 0.3 to 0.6) in females [ 33 ]. A separate cross-sectional study involving nearly 1 million Chinese patients investigated the correlation between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and hypertension, revealing that advanced age, male, and obesity exhibit heightened susceptibility to PM 2.5 exposure consistent with our findings [ 34 ]. However, Curto et al's study investigating the association between PM 2.5 and hypertension among adult males and females in 28 urban areas of India revealed that males exhibited lower susceptibility to PM 2.5 , while females showed a positive correlation between exposure to PM 2.5 and hypertension.…”

Effectiveness of patientoriented prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases in workers exposed to harmful factors of production

“…Результаты показали, что чем больше часов работы в день, в том числе в сидячем положении (как в группе сравнения), тем выше вероятность ожирения и СД 2-го типа [3,9,35]. По мере увеличения ИМТ человека увеличивается количество дней временной нетрудоспособности, медицинских обращений в медицинские организации по поводу ХНИЗ [35,36,37].…”

Noise and Air Pollution as Risk Factors for Hypertension: Part I—Epidemiology

“…48 Likewise, in Spanish adults, higher exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 was significantly related to an increased incidence of hypertension 49 and similar in cohorts of Chinese children and adolescents 50 and adults. 51 In a Chinese cohort exposed to extreme levels of air pollution, a relationship between black carbon (an anthropogenic surrogate of fossil fuel combustion) and ambulatory blood pressure was demonstrated: a 1 µg increase in black carbon during the previous 10 hours was associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure of 0.53 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 0.37 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.17–0.89 and 0.10–0.65 mm Hg, respectively), 52 which also caused heart rate variability suggestive of sympathetic dominance. 52 In India, higher levels of PM 2.5 exposure were associated with a greater risk of incident hypertension and increased systolic blood pressure.…”