Association of Lifestyle and Body Composition on Risk Factors of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Biomarkers in Female Adolescents

Abstract

<jats:p><jats:italic>Background</jats:italic>. Female adolescents are considered a risk group for cardiometabolic disease due to their lifestyle (LS). <jats:italic>Objective</jats:italic>. To evaluate the association between LS classes and body composition groups with cardiometabolic disease risk factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in female adolescents. <jats:italic>Methods</jats:italic>. This cross-sectional study was carried out with female adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, from Viçosa-MG, Brazil. Latent class analysis assessed LS classes. Kinanthropometric measurements were taken together with the body fat percentage (BF%), being analyzed by the Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) equipment. Blood pressure and biochemical parameters were analyzed in the Health Division of the Federal University of Viçosa. The pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed using Luminex technology. Associations with biomarkers were estimated by multiple linear regression. <jats:italic>Results</jats:italic>. 405 female adolescents were evaluated. The majority, 82.57%, 72.90%, and 65.31%, were classified as inactive by the number of steps, with high screen and cell phone time, respectively. Furthermore, 41.55% did meet the minimum of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and 54.69% had high values of BF% (DEXA). The “Sedentary &amp; Inactive LS” class together with the high levels of weight and BF% were associated with increased levels of blood pressure, lipid profile, and uric acid. It was also found that “Inactive &amp; Sedentary LS”, high BF%, insulin resistance, and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein were associated with the concentrations of proinflammatory biomarkers of tumor necrosis factor-<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>, interleukin-6, and leptin. <jats:italic>Conclusion</jats:italic>. We concluded that female adolescents with overweight/obese and high BF% presented higher values of anthropometric indicators, levels of blood pressure, concentration of uric acid and hs-CRP, and lower concentration of HDL. Inactive and Sedentary lifestyle of these girls, along with excess body fat, insulin resistance, and higher concentrations of hs-CRP were associated with the higher concentration proinflammatory markers.</jats:p>

Use of latent class analysis as a method of assessing the physical activity level, sedentary behavior and nutritional habit in the adolescents’ lifestyle: A scoping review

“…Ranging from 166 to 19,831; the mean size was 5,892, and the sample size was above 1,000 adolescents in 13 studies. Five studies [ 10 , 11 , 20 , 25 , 31 ] were with girls only, and 25 (83.33%) were with girls and boys. Seventeen articles did not report race or ethnicity, two were carried out with only white non-Hispanic adolescents, and the percentage of White and Caucasian ranged from 53% to 84.7%.…”

“…The range of projects developed, and the research findings show that the lifestyle of adolescents is a current and relevant topic. There is no doubt that the unhealthy lifestyles of adolescents have a major impact on a country’s public health [ 10 ]. Therefore, adopting strategies to stimulate the development of projects to prevent various lifestyle-related diseases is of paramount importance.…”

“…Thus, it is evident that the assessment of lifestyle characteristics of adolescents may allow the identification of important factors involved in body fat accumulation and, consequently, the clinical manifestations of cardiometabolic diseases and also in the process of subclinical inflammation [ 10 ]. Identifying distinct patterns of health behaviors can help researchers better understand the etiological factors of overweight among adolescents and has important implications for health promotion and public health [ 42 , 65 ].…”

“…This increase is worrisome as the energy imbalances between the level of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and food intake are related to unhealthy weight development. These unhealthy behaviors and habits can decrease the cardiorespiratory fitness and as consequence to result in pediatric obesity [ 9 ], body fat accumulation and clinical manifestations of cardiometabolic diseases, inflammatory status [ 10 ]. Besides that, psychosocial consequences, such as low self-esteem, body image disturbance [ 11 ], eating disorder risk [ 12 ] and signs of depression and anxiety [ 13 ].…”

Inflammatory-Related Clinical and Metabolic Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients

“…In addition, the high sensitivity and specificity of IL-6 as the main serologic biomarker is another positive issue of the study. Indeed, the consideration of lifestyle factors (smoking and alcoholic drinking), body adiposity, and accompanying comorbidities in the inflammatory analyses [ 37 , 38 ] adds great value to the current data since they were not usually screened in previous COVID-19 publications.…”