Association of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CYCLIN D1 and Cathepsin D with Clinicopathological Parameters in Breast Carcinoma; an Immunohistochemical Study

Abstract

Objective: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor detected in women. The hypothesis that increased levels of adhesion molecules and Cathepsin D affect cancerous cells moving away the primary tumor and contributes to migration of the cancerous cell and may cause remote organ metastases is defended. The aim of the present study was to search the association of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), Cyclin D1, cathepsin D immunohistochemically with clinicopathological parameters in the patients diagnosed with invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods:The pathological slides of 153 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma were evaluated retrospectively. Three groups were created. Group 1 consisted of patients with positive lymph node metastasis and extranodal tumor invasion; Group 2 consisted of patients with positive axillary lymph node metastasis and negative extranodal tumor invasion and Group 3 consisted of the patients with negative axillary lymph node metastasis. In all groups, 20 paraffin blocks belonging to the primary tumor in the breast were stained by ICAM-1, VCAM-1, Cyclin D1 and Cathepsin D. Findings were examined by comparing with clinicopathological parameters. Results:The highest number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes and the highest rate of cathepsin D staining were statistically found in the cases with positive axillary lymph node metastasis and extranodal tumor invasion. CerbB2 was negative in the cases with negative ICAM-1 whereas estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were positive in the cases with positive VCAM-1. Conclusion:The present study reveals significant results for the patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma through breast biopsy especially before mastectomy in terms of increased number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes and extranodal tumor invasion by immunohistochemical Cathepsin D stain without any additional invasive intervention. Results of the present study may contribute to monitoring and treatment of the patients in the future.

Expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

“…By contrast, there was very low or no detectable VCAM-1 expression in histologically normal mammary tissue adjacent to invasive tumor. These findings were consistent with the pattern observed in previous reports [8,9]. According the current study; significant positive correlation was found between VCAM-1 expression in breast carcinoma and tumor grade and histologic stage.…”

ARNTL2 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression through TGF/BETA pathway and is regulated by miR-26a-5p

“…Harjunpää et al have described how malignant cells can utilize cell adhesion molecules to promote tumor growth and metastases 24 . ICAM1 and VCAM1 are two important adhesion molecules, which are considered to be important in the tumorigenesis and progression of malignant tumor 25 – 28 . In present study, the protein levels of TGF/BETA signaling pathway and cell focal adhesion associated molecules in PDAC cells were significantly decreased after miR-26a-5p elevated expression but were highly expressed when transfected with the ARNTL2 plasmid.…”

Deep learning‐based radiomics model can predict extranodal soft tissue metastasis in gastric cancer

“…Lately, extra‐nodal involvement has been supposed to be associated with advanced stage, which might become a dependable prognostic factor for GC 26–28 . In addition, previous studies have conducted that peritoneal recurrence was the most usual pattern in ESTM‐positive patients, and the relationship between extra‐nodal and peritoneal metastasis is associated with the extravasation of cancer cells from lymphovascular vessels to the extra‐nodal space 9,29 . As an intermediate factor between lymph node metastasis and peritoneal metastasis, ESTM has independently influenced the prognosis of GC patients 30 .…”

“…[26][27][28] In addition, previous studies have conducted that peritoneal recurrence was the most usual pattern in ESTM-positive patients, and the relationship between extra-nodal and peritoneal metastasis is associated with the extravasation of cancer cells from lymphovascular vessels to the extra-nodal space. 9,29 As an intermediate factor between lymph node metastasis and peritoneal metastasis, ESTM has independently influenced the prognosis of GC patients. 30 The present study indicated that ESTM was strongly related to the pathologic TNM stages and lymphovascular invasion, consistent with prior studies.…”