Association of hypertension with helicobacter pylori: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Abstract

Background and aims The number of hypertensive population rises year by year recently, and their age becomes more youthful. For a long time, hypertension has long been regarded as a multi-factorial disease. In addition to smoking, genetics, diet and other factors, helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) had been regarded as a potential risk factor for hypertension in recent years. However, most studies had certain limitations and their results were inconsistent. Thus, it is necessary for us to assess the impact of H. pylori on hypertension through meta-analysis. Methods We searched all published relevant literature through multiple databases by July 23, 2021. Pooled results were calculated under the random effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the Q statistic and the I2 statistic. The risk of bias was evaluated via ROBINS-I tool. Publication bias was evaluated by the Egger test and Begg funnel plot. Results 6 eligible studies involving 11317 hypertensive patients and 12765 controls were selected from 20767 retrieval records. Our research confirmed that H. pylori significantly increased the probability of suffering from hypertension in the random effect model (OR:1.34, 95% CI:1.10–1.63, P = 0.002, I2 = 74%). The same results were also found in both Asian population and developing country (OR:1.28, 95%CI:1.05–1.55, P = 0.003, I2 = 78.5%). Conclusions Our results confirmed that H. pylori was a vital risk factor for hypertension. H. pylori-infected people were 13.4% higher risk for hypertension than uninfected individuals. In addition, it will be a new method to prevent and treat hypertension by eradicating H. pylori. Trial registration The registration number for systematic review in PROSPERO CRD42021279677.

Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of cardiovascular disease

“…Several potential mechanisms may contribute to the association between H. pylori infection and the risk of CVD. First, H. pylori infection may contribute to a higher risk of multiple cardiovascular factors, including hypertension, 71 dyslipidemia, 72 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 73 which had been documented as important risk factors of CVD. However, a population‐based prospective analysis, with 2085 participants from the Chinese Multi‐provincial Cohort Study, showed that H. pylori seropositivity was associated with a lower risk of diabetes 74 .…”

Helicobacter pylori-Related Extraintestinal Manifestations—Myth or Reality

“…Therefore, clarithromycin-based eradication therapy might lower mortality rate in patients at risk, such as those with arterial hypertension [ 201 ]. Two recent meta-analyses revealed that H. pylori infection was positively associated with arterial hypertension representing an essential factor in the development of this condition [ 76 , 151 ] ( Table 2 ). Nevertheless, another study from Japan found no relationship between H. pylori infection and either stroke mortality risk or coronary heart disease [ 202 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

Helicobacter pylori‐derived outer membrane vesicles contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis via C3‐C3aR signalling

“…Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is a pathogen which infects more than half of the world's population and is associated with the development of gastroduodenal diseases. In addition, Numerous studies have shown that H. pylori infection may also increase the risk of various extragastric diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.34–1.87) (Tong et al., 2022 ), hypertension (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.10–1.63) (Fang et al., 2022 ), stroke (OR = 1.43, 95% CI:1.25–1.46) (Doheim et al., 2021 ) and diabetes (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.11–1.45) (Mansori et al., 2020 ), all of which are risk factors for AD (Doulberis et al., 2018 ; Xie et al., 2022b ). A recent meta‐analysis also identified direct evidence of a significant positive association between H. pylori infection and AD development (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12–1.76) (Fu et al., 2020 ).…”