Association of Human Q Fever with Animal Husbandry, Taiwan, 2004–2012

Lai, Chung-Hsu; Chang, Lin‐Li; Lin, Jinyao; Liao, Ming-Huei; Liu, Shyh-Shyan; Lee, Hsu-Hsun; Lin, Hans Hsienhong; Chen, Yen-Hsu

doi:10.3201/eid2112.141997

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The findings from this database study were similar to our previous clinical study of QF in southern Taiwan, including the high percentages of male gender, high-risk occupations and residence in the southern and Kaohsiung-Pingtung regions among confirmed cases of QF (Lai et al, 2007(Lai et al, , 2008(Lai et al, , 2014a(Lai et al, , 2015. The predominant season, age range and male gender were similar to those reported from other countries (Frankel et al, 2011;Dijkstra et al, 2012;Kwak et al, 2013;Dahlgren et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Table and Fig. illustrate that the confirmed QF cases occurred predominantly in the southern and Kaohsiung–Pingtung regions and was rarely observed in the eastern region, similar to our previous study from 2004 to 2012 (Lai et al., ). The trends and patterns of suspected QF reported with other diseases differed between regions, and the relatively small number of confirmed QF cases may have resulted from the small reported number in the eastern region (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Clinicians might be more skilled and experienced in obtaining animal contact information when taking histories in clinical practice than the personnel of district public health centres, who contact the suspected cases by telephone. We recently reported that the distribution of and variation in the number of human QF cases was associated with goats in Taiwan (Lai et al., ). These findings from database and clinical case studies emphasize that the major transmission route of QF is inhalation in nature and that humans can acquire infection without direct with animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Epidemiology and Characteristics of Q fever and Co‐infections with Scrub Typhus, Murine Typhus or Leptospirosis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Database Study

Lai

Sun²,

Lee

et al. 2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Q fever (QF) is a worldwide zoonosis associated with outbreaks. Only a few nationwide studies regarding the surveillance and epidemiology of human QF have been reported. Although QF is endemic in Taiwan, a nationwide database investigation of the epidemiology and characteristics of QF and its associations with scrub typhus (ST), murine typhus (MT) and leptospirosis (LS) has never been reported. We analysed nationwide databases of suspected QF, ST, MT and LS cases from October 2007 to December 2014 obtained from the Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan. A total of 468 (4.2%) QF cases were identified among 11 109 suspected QF cases. QF cases were mainly distributed in the southern and Kaohsiung-Pingtung regions but rarely in the eastern region. Compared to non-QF cases, QF cases had significantly higher percentages of males (88.7 versus 66.2%) and high-risk occupations (farming, animal husbandry or veterinary medicine) (16.2 versus 10.5%). But the percentages of specific animal contact, including cattle (0.6 versus 0.8%) and goats (0.9 versus 1.0%), were low in both. The majority of suspected QF cases (89.4%) were simultaneously suspected with ST, MT or LS, and the combinations of suspected diseases differed between regions. The number of suspected QF cases from the eastern region decreased since 2009, which was not observed in other regions. A total of 1420 (12.8%) cases had confirmed diseases, including QF (453, 4.1%), QF+ST (7, 0.06%), QF+MT (4, 0.04%), QF+LS (4, 0.04%), MT (186, 1.7%), ST (545, 4.9%), ST+LS (11, 0.1%) and LS (210, 1.9%). Compared to cases of unknown disease, QF cases had larger percentages of high-risk occupations (16.2 versus 9.6%) but similar histories of animal contact (29.8 versus 25.1%). QF is an endemic disease in southern Taiwan. It is difficult to differentiate QF from ST, MT or LS only by high-risk occupations and history of animal contact, and co-infection of QF with these diseases should be considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Epidemiology and Characteristics of Q fever and Co‐infections with Scrub Typhus, Murine Typhus or Leptospirosis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Database Study

Lai

Sun²,

Lee

et al. 2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…So far as it is known, the significance of each domestic animal in the epidemiology of Q fever is different in various regions and it depends on the number of animals, and the level of their infection 1,10 . Because infection in animals is usually asymptomatic or limited to abortion and production losses, identifying the source of human infection is sometimes difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domestic animals are the main source of the infection. Humans are infected mainly through inhalation of aerosolized particles contaminated with C. burnetii excreted by an infected animal 1 . The disease is considered as a re-emerging or endemic zoonosis in many countries [2][3][4] , including the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Vojvodina), the northern region of Serbia 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with maintenance of human Q fever in Vojvodina, Serbia

et al. 2018

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Amphixenosic Aspects of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Man and Animals

Rossi

Cerquetella

Attili

2016

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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According to the mode of transmission, Staphylococcus aureus infection between hosts is classified as "direct zoonoses," or infection that is transmitted from an infected vertebrate host to a susceptible host (man) by direct contact, by contact with a fomite or by a mechanical vector. The agent itself undergoes little or no propagative or developmental changes during transmission. According to the reservoir host, staphylococcosis is most precisely defined as "zooanthroponoses" or infections transmitted from man to lower vertebrate animals (e.g., streptococci, diphtheria, Enterobacteriaceae, human tuberculosis in cattle and parrots), but also "anthropozoonoses" or infections transmitted to man from lower vertebrate animals. In particular, actually, the correct definition of S. aureus infections between humans and animals is "amphixenoses" or infections maintained in both man and lower vertebrate animals and transmitted in either direction. S. aureus exhibits tropisms to many distinct animal hosts. While spillover events can occur wherever there is an interface between host species, changes in host tropism only occur with the establishment of sustained transmission in the new host species, leading to clonal expansion. Although the genomic variation underpinning adaptation in S. aureus genotypes infecting bovids and poultry has been well characterized, the frequency of switches from one host to another remains obscure. In this review, we sought to identify the sustained switches in host tropism in the S. aureus population, both anthroponotic and zoonotic, and their distribution over the species phylogeny. S. aureus is an organism with the capacity to switch into and adapt to novel hosts, even after long periods of isolation in a single host species. Based on this evidence, animal-adapted S. aureus lineages exhibiting resistance to antibiotics must be considered a major threat to public health, as they can adapt to the human population.

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Association of Human Q Fever with Animal Husbandry, Taiwan, 2004–2012

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

The Epidemiology and Characteristics of Q fever and Co‐infections with Scrub Typhus, Murine Typhus or Leptospirosis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Database Study

The Epidemiology and Characteristics of Q fever and Co‐infections with Scrub Typhus, Murine Typhus or Leptospirosis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Database Study

Factors associated with maintenance of human Q fever in Vojvodina, Serbia

Amphixenosic Aspects of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Man and Animals

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