Association of human gut microbiota with rare diseases: A close peep through

Abstract

disorders, human gut microbiome, personalized therapeutics, rare diseasesThe human body harbors approximately 10 14 cells belonging to a diverse group of microorganisms. Bacteria outnumbers protozoa, fungi and viruses inhabiting our gastrointestinal tract (GIT), commonly referred to as the "human gut microbiome". Dysbiosis occurs when the balanced relationship between the host and the gut microbiota is disrupted, altering the usual microbial population there. This increases the susceptibility of the host to pathogens, and chances of its morbidity. It is due to the fact that the gut microbiome plays an important role in human health; it influences the progression of conditions varying from colorectal cancer to GIT disorders linked with the nervous system, autoimmunity, metabolism and inheritance. A rare disease is a lethal and persistent condition affecting 2-3 people per 5,000 populaces. This review article intends to discuss such rare neurological, autoimmune, cardio-metabolic and genetic disorders of man, focusing on the fundamental mechanism that links them with their gut microbiome. Ten rare diseases, including Pediatric Crohn's disease (PCD), Lichen planus (LP), Hypophosphatasia (HPP), Discitis, Cogan's syndrome, Chancroid disease, Sennetsu fever, Acute cholecystitis (AC), Grave's disease (GD) and Tropical sprue (TS) stands to highlight as key examples, along with personalized therapeutics meant for them. This medicinal approach addresses the individual's genetic and genomic pathography, and tackles the illness with specific and effective treatments.

Circulating vitamin levels mediate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cholecystitis: a two-step bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

“…Gut microbiota dysbiosis may promote the development of cholecystitis through multiple mechanisms. Firstly, it may trigger an inflammatory response within the gallbladder, leading to cholecystitis ( 39 ). Furthermore, a meta-analysis has shown a positive association between Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis (OR = 3.022, 95% CI: 1.897–4.815, I 2 = 20.1%), this could be due to H. pylori infection causing chronic inflammation of the biliary mucosa, leading to impaired bile acid secretion and increased risk of gallstone formation ( 11 ).…”

Investigation of the causal relationship between gut microbiota and discitis: A Mendelian randomisation study

“…There are studies reporting an association between gut microbiota and discitis [31] , but a comprehensive analysis of how the relationship is established is lacking. In this study, we used the largest Genome-Wide Association Studiesmeta-analysis(GWAS ) and the MiBioGen collaboration to conduct MR Analyses using two independent samples, providing the rst in-depth study of the causal link between gut microbiota and discitis.…”

Sickle Cell Disease Update: New Treatments and Challenging Nutritional Interventions

“…The gut microbiota, which accommodate approximately 10 13 –10 14 cells belonging to a diverse group of microorganisms [ 112 ] (equivalent to over 3 million genes), play a key role in human health by determining the development of conditions linked with the nervous system, autoimmunity, metabolism, and inheritance [ 113 , 114 ].…”