Association of healthy lifestyle including a healthy sleep pattern with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus among individuals with hypertension

Abstract

Background Evidence is limited regarding the association of healthy lifestyle including sleep pattern with the risk of complicated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among patients with hypertension. We aimed to investigate the associations of an overall healthy lifestyle including a healthy sleep pattern with subsequent development of T2DM among participants with hypertension compared to normotension, and to estimate how much of that risk could be prevented. Methods This study examined six lifestyle factors with T2DM cases among hypertension (227,966) and normotension (203,005) and their interaction in the UK Biobank. Low-risk lifestyle factors were defined as standard body mass index (BMI), drinking alcohol in moderation, nonsmoking, engaging in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, eating a high-quality diet, and maintaining a healthy sleep pattern. Results There were 12,403 incident T2DM cases during an average of 8.63 years of follow-up. Compared to those with 0 low-risk lifestyle factors, HRs for those with 5–6 were 0.14 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.19) for hypertensive participants, 0.13 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.19) for normotensive participants, respectively (ptrend < 0.001). 76.93% of hypertensive participants were considerably less likely to develop T2DM if they adhered to five healthy lifestyle practices, increased to 81.14% if they followed 6-factors (with a healthy sleep pattern). Compared with hypertension adults, normotensive people gain more benefits if they stick to six healthy lifestyles [Population attributable risk (PAR%) 83.66%, 95% CI 79.45 to 87.00%, p for interaction = 0.0011]. Conclusions Adherence to a healthy lifestyle pattern including a healthy sleep pattern is associated with lower risk of T2DM in hypertensives, and this benefit is even further in normotensives.

Association of a Healthy Lifestyle with All-Cause, Cause-Specific Mortality and Incident Cancer among Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study in UK Biobank

“…Interactions were examined using the interaction term beta in the entire model. The population-attributable risk percent (PAR%) was calculated using the following formula [ 37 ]: where P e is the proportion of the population exposed to the non-low-risk group, and HR is the multivariate-adjusted Cox regression hazard ratio of those participants in the full models.…”

Association between healthy lifestyle and the occurrence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in hypertensive patients: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank

“…It is inappropriate to directly assume the same implications for the occurrence of CMM in patients already diagnosed with hypertension, as single risk factors play distinct roles at varying stages of the disease [ 13 ]. Recently, a study showed that compared with 0 low-risk lifestyle factors, adhering to 5–6 low-risk lifestyle factors reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes by 86% in patients with hypertension [ 14 ]. These factors included normal body mass index (BMI), non-smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, healthy diet, and healthy sleep patterns.…”

Alleviating insomnia should decrease the risk of irritable bowel syndrome: Evidence from Mendelian randomization

“…Two GWASs of IBS were used, where the discovery set encompassed 53,400 European cases and 433,201 European controls ( Eijsbouts et al, 2021 ) and the validation set was from the FinnGen consortium, including 4,605 cases and 182,423 controls (finn-b-K11_IBS, https://www.finngen.fi/fi ). The IBS cases from UKB should meet at least one of the following four conditions ( Ford et al, 2020 ): digestive health questionnaire (DHQ) Rome III: meet Rome III symptom criteria for IBS diagnosis without other diagnostic explanations for these symptoms ( Vasant et al, 2021 ); DHQ “self-report”: answered “yes” to the question “Have you ever been diagnosed with IBS?‘ ( Stern, 2021 ); Unprompted ‘self-report”: self-reported IBS diagnosis in response to the question “Has a doctor ever told you that you have any serious medical conditions?” ( Song et al, 2021 ); the international code of disease version 10 (ICD-10); with hospital episode statistics indicating being admitted to a hospital due to IBS as the main or secondary ICD-10 diagnosis. The cases from FinnGen all met the ICD-10 standard.…”

“…Good quality sleep is essential to maintain physical and mental health ( Stern, 2021 ). Sleep plays an important role in human growth and development, metabolism, and memory function, besides, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases will also be affected by sleep disorders ( Ai and Dai, 2018 ; Ai et al, 2021 ; Song et al, 2021 ). A recent study implicated frequent daytime napping should have deleterious effects on cardiometabolic traits and daytime napping shared genetic loci with both cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative traits ( Dashti et al, 2021 ).…”