Association of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) with anxiety and depression: experimental data and evidence from GHD children and adolescents

Karachaliou, Feneli; Karavanaki, Kyriaki; Simatou, Aristofania; Tsintzou, Eleni; Skarakis, Nikitas; Kanaka-Gatenbein, Christina

doi:10.1007/s42000-021-00306-1

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…DHEA-S may modulate the emotional regulation neurocircuitry and memory for emotional stimuli, which are impaired in depression and anxiety 54 . GH de ciency (GHD) is associated with increased anxiety and depression in children and adults 55 . GH replacement therapy may improve mood, cognition, and quality of life in patients with GHD 56 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of a robot in a close relationship reduces the hormonal changes associated with pain in a laboratory setting

Nakae,

Chang,

Kishimoto

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Human resources for healthcare management gradually fail to meet the demands because of an aging population. Pain is one of the most unpleasant sensations, and chronic pain is particularly difficult to manage. Loneliness is one of the key factors that worsens pain symptoms. Communication robots are used for smooth human communication. This study aimed to investigate whether communication robots would alter human pain perception via hormonal changes. Nineteen healthy participants experienced experimental pain before and after communicating with a robot named Moffly. Blood samples were collected to assess the hormonal levels. Pain was evaluated using the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale. Furthermore, the participants’ mood and mental status were assessed by several questionnaires, including the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Self-Rating Depression Scale. Subjective pain evaluation by the Visual Analogue Scale and the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire showed a significant decrease in pain in the robotic-communication condition than that in the control condition, accompanied by changes in the patterns of growth hormone, oxytocin, and estrogen. Depression and anxiety scores questionnaires also showed significant improvement after the experiment compared to before starting the experiment. The communication robots altered the participants’ pain perception, accompanied by changes in the growth hormone, oxytocin, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, estrogen, and cortisol. Depression and anxiety improved after the intervention. This finding may reflect that not only humans but also robots can relieve human pain by suppressing factors that would exert a negative effect on pain perception, such as loneliness. Robots may be able to take over human functions, especially in the area of time-consuming cognitive behavioral therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of a robot in a close relationship reduces the hormonal changes associated with pain in a laboratory setting

Nakae,

Chang,

Kishimoto

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The lower levels of platelet 5-HT are associated with suicide risk ( Giurgiuca et al, 2016 ). Low GH and low IGF-1 levels have also been associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety ( Santi et al, 2018 ; Karachaliou et al, 2021 ; Wainberg et al, 2021 ). Increasing brain 5-HT activity in humans elevates plasma levels of prolactin, growth hormone (GH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone ( Cowen et al, 1990 ).…”

Section: Special Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s mood at high altitude. sexual dimorphism in hypoxic stress modulation by the tryptophan–melatonin axis

et al. 2023

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Sexual (and gender)-dimorphism in tolerance to hypobaric hypoxia increasingly matters for a differential surveillance of human activities at high altitude (HA). At low altitudes, the prevalence of anxiety and depression in women has already been found to double when compared with men; it could be expected to even increase on exposure to HA. In purposefully caring for the health of women at HA, the present work explores the potential involvement of the tryptophan (Trp)–melatonin axis in mood changes on exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The present work highlights some already known anxiogenic effects of HA exposure. Hypoxia and insomnia reduce serotonin (5-HT) availability; the latter defect being expressed as failure of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and mood disorders. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep organization and synapsis restoration that are additionally affected by hypoxia impair memory consolidation. Affective complaints may thus surge, evolving into anxiety and depression. Sex-related differences in neural network organization and hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, and certainly also during the life cycle, underscore the possibility of 5-HT–related mood alterations, particularly in women on HA exposure. The mean brain rate of 5-HT synthesis at sea level is already 1.5-fold higher in males than in females. sexual dimorphism also evidences the overexpression effects of SERT, a 5-HT transporter protein. Gonadal and thyroid hormones, as influenced by HA exposure, further modulate 5-HT availability and its effects in women. Besides caring for adequate oxygenation and maintenance of one’s body core temperature, special precautions concerning women sojourning at HA should include close observations of hormonal cycles and, perhaps, also trials with targeted antidepressants.

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“…Growth hormone deficiency (GHD), as an endocrine abnormality, is one of the main reasons for children's short stature [1]. Children with GHD not only have intuitive abnormalities in height but also have potential changes in brain structure, function, and cognition [2,3]. A study based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), employing dynamic regional homogeneity (ReHo) and dynamic functional connectivity methods, unveiled abnormalities in brain networks in GHD patients, with a primary focus on the central executive network and cerebellar network, as compared to patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Moderates Multimodal Brain Structure-Function Integration and Behavioral Cognition in Growth Hormone Deficient Children

Wang,

Fu,

et al. 2024

Neuroendocrinology

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Background Previous brain studies of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) often used single-mode neuroimaging, missing the complexity captured by multimodal data. Growth hormone affects gut microbiota and metabolism in GHD. However, from a gut-brain axis perspective, the relationship between abnormal GHD brain development and microbiota alterations remains unclear. The ultimate goal is to uncover the manifestations underlying gut-brain axis (GBA) abnormalities in GHD and idiopathic short stature (ISS). Methods Participants included 23 GHD and 25 ISS children. The fusion independent component analysis was applied to integrat multimodal brain datas (high resolution structural, diffusion tensor, and resting state functional MRI) covering regional homogeneity (ReHo), amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), and White matter fractional anisotropy (FA). Gut microbiome diversity and metabolites were analyzed using 16S sequencing and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Associations between multimodal neuroimaging and cognition were assessed using moderation analysis. Results Six components (ReHo, ALFF, and FA) differed significantly between GHD and ISS patients, with three functional components linked to processing speed. GHD individuals showed higher levels of acetate in microbiota metabolism. Higher alpha diversity in GHD strengthened connections between ReHo-IC1, ReHo-IC5, ALFF-IC1, and processing speed, while increasing Agathobacter levels in ISS weakened the link between ALFF-IC1 and speech comprehension. Conclusions Our findings uncover differing brain structure and functional fusion in GHD, alongside microbiota metabolism of short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, microbiome influences connections between neuroimaging and cognition, offering insight into diverse gut-brain axis patterns in GHD and ISS, enhancing our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology and interventions.

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Association of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) with anxiety and depression: experimental data and evidence from GHD children and adolescents

Cited by 14 publications

References 77 publications

The presence of a robot in a close relationship reduces the hormonal changes associated with pain in a laboratory setting

The presence of a robot in a close relationship reduces the hormonal changes associated with pain in a laboratory setting

Women’s mood at high altitude. sexual dimorphism in hypoxic stress modulation by the tryptophan–melatonin axis

Gut Microbiota Moderates Multimodal Brain Structure-Function Integration and Behavioral Cognition in Growth Hormone Deficient Children

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