Association of green tea consumption with mortality due to all causes and major causes of death in a Japanese population: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)

Saito, Eiko; Inoue, Manami; Noda, Minoru; Iso, Hiroyasu; Tsugane, Shoichiro; Sawada, Norie; Iwasaki, Motoki; Sasazuki, Shizuka; Yamaji, Taiki; Shimazu, Taichi; Hanaoka, Tomoyuki; Ogata, Joice Fabiola Meneguel; Baba, Shinichi; Mannami, Toshifumi; Okayama, Akira; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Miyakawa, Keiko; Saito, Fumitake; Koizumi, Akio; Sano, Yujiro; Hashimoto, Isamu; Ikuta, Tomoki; Tanaba, Y.; Sato, Hidehiko; Roppongi, Y.; Takashima, Tomoyuki; Miyajima, Yoshimichi; Suzuki, Naoya; Nagasawa, Shin‐ya; Furusugi, Y.; Nagai, Naoko; Ito, Yoshinori; Komatsu, Shoko; Minamizono, T.; Sanada, Hironobu; Hatayama, Yoshiomi; Kobayashi, Fumio; Uchino, H; Shirai, Yoshiro; Kondo, Takaaki; Sasaki, Ryohei; Watanabe, Yasuyoshi; Miyagawa, Yusuke; Kobayashi, Yoritoshi; Machida, Munehito; Kobayashi, K.; Tsukada, Manabu; Kishimoto, Yoshimi; Takara, E; Fukuyama, Tamaki; Kinjo, Minori; Irei, M.; Sakiyama, H.; Imoto, Koji; Yazawa, Hisatoyo; Seo, Toru; Seiko, Abdulaziz; Ito, Fumi; Fukushima, Shoji; Saito, Ritsuko; Murata, Atsuhiko; Minato, Koichi; Motegi, Kazuo; Fujieda, Takeshi; Yamato, S.; Matsui, Kenji; Abe, Toshi; Katagiri, Mikio; Suzuki, Masataka; Doi, Mikio; Terao, Akira; Ishikawa, Yoshinori; Tagami, Takashi; Sueta, H; Doi, Hiroyuki; Urata, M.; Okamoto, Naoyuki; Ide, Fuyuaki; Goto, Hiroki; Onga, N.; Takaesu, H.; Uehara, Mariko; Nakasone, Toshiyuki; Yamakawa, Michiyo; Horii, F; Asano, I.; Yamaguchi, Hironori; Aoki, Kunio; Maruyama, Satoshi; Ichii, Mitsuru; Takano, Misao; Tsubono, Yoshitaka; Suzuki, Kunihiro; Honda, Yasushi; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Sakurai, Susumu; Tsuchiya, Naoyuki; Kabuto, Michinori; Yamaguchi, Miwa; Matsumura, Yosuke; Sasaki, Satoshi; Watanabe, Sayumi; Akabane, Masayuki; Kadowaki, Tomoko; Noda, Mitsuhiko; Mizoue, Tetsuya; Kawaguchi, Yoshio; Takashima, Yutaka; Yoshida, Yukie; Nakamura, Kenichi; Takachi, Ribeka; Ishihara, Junko; Matsushima, Shosui; Natsukawa, Shusuke; Shimizu, Hiroyuki; Sugimura, Hiroyuki; Tominaga, Suketami; Hamajima, Nobuyuki; Sobue, Tomotaka; Iida, Masakazu; Ajiki, Wakiko; Ioka, Akiko; Sato, Sei; Maruyama, E.; Konishi, Masamitsu; Okada, Katsutoshi; Saito, Isao; Yasuda, Nobufumi; Kono, Suminori; Akiba, Suminori

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.007

Cited by 69 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, the patterns of the associations might be different by smoking, and future studies are warranted. In contrast to the null findings regarding the relation of green tea consumption and cancer mortality reported by previous studies, [23,25,26,38] our study found an inverse association of green tea consumption with cancer mortality, and this finding was also suggested by several other studies [21,[42][43][44]. In particular, our study found that the patterns of inverse associations between green tea consumption and cancer mortality were differentiated by smoking status, alcohol drinking and locality.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…However, no association was reported for cancer mortality. Saito et al [38] reported that those who consumed five cups of green tea per day or more, compared with subjects who consumed less than one cup, had a risk of all-cause mortality that was 13 % lower in men and 17 % lower in women, while null association was reported for cancer mortality. Another study from Japan reported that both men and women who consumed seven or more cups of green tea per day, compared with subjects who consumed less than one cup, had a risk of total and CVD mortality that was 55 % lower and 75 % lower, respectively [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, in contrast to accumulating evidence from animal models, a Cochrane review published conflicting results regarding the cancerpreventive effects of green tea consumption in humans [34][35][36]. More recent studies also provided heterogeneous findings [23,26,38]. Moreover, previous studies did not address fully the potential confounding bias from smoking, alcohol drinking and locality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Association of green tea consumption with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer in a Chinese cohort of 165,000 adult men

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2016

Eur J Epidemiol

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Tea is the most ancient and popular beverage in the world, and its beneficial health effects has attracted tremendous attention worldwide. However, the prospective evidence relating green tea consumption to total and cause-specific mortality is still limited and inconclusive. We recruited 164,681 male participants free of pre-existing disease during 1990-1991, with green tea consumption and other covariates assessed by the standardized questionnaire and mortality follow up continued until 2006 (mean 11 years; total person-years: 1,961,791). Cox regression analyses were used to quantify the associations of green tea consumption with all-cause (n = 32,700), CVD (n = 11,839) and cancer (n = 7002) mortality, adjusting simultaneously for potential confounders. At baseline, 18 % reported regular consumption of green tea. Compared with non-green tea drinkers, regular drinkers had significantly lower all-cause mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) being 0.94 (95 % CI 0.89, 0.99) for ≤5 g/day, 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) for 5-10 g/day and 0.89 (0.85, 0.93) for >10 g/day. For CVD mortality, the corresponding HRs were 0.93 (0.85, 1.01) 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) and 0.86 (0.79, 0.93), respectively, while for cancer they were 0.86 (0.78, 0.98), 0.92 (0.83, 1.00) and 0.79 (0.71, 0.88), respectively. The patterns of these associations varied by smoking, alcohol drinking and locality. This large prospective study shows that regular green tea consumption is associated with significantly reduced risk of death from all-cause, CVD and cancer among Chinese adults.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Association of green tea consumption with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer in a Chinese cohort of 165,000 adult men

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2016

Eur J Epidemiol

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“…Patients on lipid lowering drugs were at decreased risk of stroke compared to non-users (hazard ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49 to 0.90); hazard ratios for stroke were similar for statin (0.68, 0.45 to 1.01) and fibrate (0.66, 0.44 to 0.98) (Alp erovitch et al 2015). In recent years, there have been many studies on the benefits of green tea in cardiovascular disease, which is one of the leading causes of death (Kuriyama et al 2006;Suzuki et al 2009;Saito et al 2015;National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 in Japan). In the most recent prospective cohort study, Saito et al (2015) studied 90,914 Japanese (40-69 years old) over a period of 18.7 years, with 12,874 deaths reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Systematic review of green tea epigallocatechin gallate in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of humans

Momose

Maeda‐Yamamoto

Nabetani

2016

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

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We conducted a systematic review of the literature for the ability of green tea epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Study subjects were limited to healthy individuals and randomized, controlled trials on human serum lipid levels, especially LDL-C, conducted. A total of 17 trials (n = 1356) met all of the inclusion criteria. According to weighted mean differences for changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI), 107-856 mg/d of EGCG for 4 to 14 weeks reduced LDL-C by -9.29 mg/dl (95% CI, -12.27 to -6.31). Sub-analysis was performed to compare the EGCG lowering effect on LDL-C between non-obese and obese subjects, EGCG dose, baseline of LDL-C levels, or BMI. We concluded that consumption of green tea EGCG resulted in a significant reduction of LDL-C at any baseline level and any dose between 107 and 856 mg/d, and the effect size was slightly dependent on the baseline lipid level of the subjects.

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“…Therefore, maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system is expected to lead to the extension of healthy life expectancy. Saito et al (1) reported an association between green tea consumption and mortality due to cancer, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, injuries, and other causes of death in a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan. This prospective cohort study suggested that the consumption of green tea reduces the risk of all-cause mortality, and the three leading causes of death, including deaths from heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and respiratory disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effects of Three Tea Cultivars (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) on Nitric Oxide Production and Aortic Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Expression in High-Salt Diet-Fed Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Nomura

Monobe

Ema

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Studies have suggested that the consumption of green tea reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Although epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the best studied active substance characteristic of green tea, previous results on EGCG do not appear sufficient to explain completely the mechanism of cardiovascular protection by green tea. Therefore, we investigated the effect of three different tea cultivars, "Yabukita," "Sofu," and "Sunrouge," which have characteristic flavonoid compositions, on the nitric oxide (NO) production and the related protein expression in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) fed a high-salt diet. As a result, the reduction of urinary NO metabolite (NOx) levels, which reflect whole-body NO production, caused by the high-salt diet were significantly prevented by all three tea infusions. The improvement of NOx reduction in the tea-intake groups was unlikely to be caused by the changes in oxidative damage. On the other hand, as a partial effect, only "Yabukita" or "Sofu" increased the expression of the soluble guanylate cyclase, a receptor for NO, in the thoracic aorta. In the present study, the differences in the composition of these three cultivars led to partially different effects on NO signaling in SHRs, suggesting the physiological significance of subdominant ingredients besides EGCG.

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Association of green tea consumption with mortality due to all causes and major causes of death in a Japanese population: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)

Cited by 69 publications

References 25 publications

Association of green tea consumption with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer in a Chinese cohort of 165,000 adult men

Association of green tea consumption with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer in a Chinese cohort of 165,000 adult men

Systematic review of green tea epigallocatechin gallate in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of humans

Comparison of the Effects of Three Tea Cultivars (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) on Nitric Oxide Production and Aortic Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Expression in High-Salt Diet-Fed Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

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