Association of Graphene Silver Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) with Photodynamic Therapy for Inactivation of Halitosis Responsible Bacteria in Denture Wearers

Abstract

(1) Background: Poor hygiene and denture presence in the oral cavity are factors that favor bacterial accumulation, the cause of halitosis and of various oral and general diseases. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of inactivating bacteria associated with halitosis in acrylic denture wearers using polymethyl methacrylate resin enhanced with graphene silver nanoparticles and the effect of the resin association with extra oral photodynamic therapy. (2) Methods: Graphene silver nanoparticles in 1 and 2 wt% were added to a commercial acrylic resin powder. Three study groups containing samples from the three different materials were established. The first group was not exposed to the light treatment, and the other two were exposed to red light (laser and light emitting diode) after photosensitizer placement on the disk’s surface. Samples were incubated with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis. (3) Results: For both bacterial strains, inhibition zones were obtained, showing significant differences for the light-treated samples. (4) Conclusions: Denture resins with antibacterial properties associated with extra oral photodynamic therapy exhibited enhanced antibacterial effects. The procedure could be used as a safer and more efficient alternative technique against halitosis and oral infections in denture wearers.

In Vitro Studies of Graphene for Management of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease: A Concise Review

“…Another study investigated graphene silver polymethyl methacrylate on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis and reported to have enhanced antibacterial effects [ 98 ]. At the same time, graphene-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy was assessed on Porphyromonas gingivalis , Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Candida albicans .…”

Review of Light-Activated Antimicrobial Nanoparticle–Polymer Composites for Biomedical Devices

“…28 The addition of silver nanoparticles and graphene into a polymer has been proven to have significant antibacterial activity in biomedical devices. 48,49 Regarding the coating of biomedical implants, Xie, Mao, and co-workers developed a controllable, rapid, and effective in situ disinfection approach. 18 In this study, a hybrid polydopamine (PDA)/Ag 3 NO 4 /graphene oxide (GO) coating was designed to achieve rapid bacteria killing and biofilm elimination in situ via the synergistic actions of Ag + and ROS produced by the Ag 3 PO 4 nanoparticles under 660 nm visible light by tuning the band gap of the Ag 3 PO 4 nanoparticles with GO, as shown in Figure 2a.…”

Nanostructures as Targeted Therapeutics for Combating Oral Bacterial Diseases

“…Likewise, Bacali and co-workers investigated the addition of graphene silver NP to PMMA acrylic resins in an attempt to improve denture antimicrobial characteristics and found that this combination restricted the growth of P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. In addition, the use of extra aPDT showed a greater effect on the growth inhibition of these two bacterial strains [59]. A summary of NP applications developed against oral bacterial infections are listed in Table 1.…”