Association of government effectiveness, logistics performance, IT systems and income with COVID-19 mortality

Pant, Dipendra Prasad; Acharya, Bikram; Kattel, Mukunda Raj

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15214

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 100 publications

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“…On the other hand, the “Voice and Accountability” component and the “Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism” component did not show any correlation with the daily estimated cumulative excess deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants. These findings are consistent with previous studies that have shown that countries with good governance, including trust in government, have lower excess mortality rates due to COVID-19 [ 35 – 37 ] and lower mortality rates and infection-fatality ratio and infection attack rates of COVID-19 [ 38 – 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

National governance and excess mortality due to COVID-19 in 213 countries: a retrospective analysis and perspectives on future pandemics

da Silva,

Novaes,

de Oliveira

et al. 2023

Global Health

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Background National governance may have influenced the response of institutions to the Covid-19 pandemic, being a key factor in preparing for the next pandemics. The objective was to analyze the association between excess mortality due to COVID-19 (daily and cumulative per 100 thousand people) and national governance indicators in 213 countries. Method Multiple linear regression models using secondary data from large international datasets that are in the public domain were performed. Governance indicators corresponded to six dimensions: (i) Voice and Accountability; (ii) Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism; (iii) Government Effectiveness; (iv) Regulatory Quality; (v) Rule of Law and (vi) Control of Corruption. The statistical analysis consisted of adjusting a multiple linear regression model. Excess mortality due to COVID-19 was adjusted for potential confounding factors (demographic, environmental, health, economic, and ethnic variables). Results The indicators Control of Corruption, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality and Rule of Law had a significant inverse association (p < 0.0001) with the estimated excess mortality in 2020, 2021 and 2022. Furthermore, the governance indicators had a direct significant association (p < 0.0001) with the vaccination variables (People_fully_vaccinated; Delivered population; The total number of vaccination doses administered per 100 people at the country level), except for the variables Vaccination policies and Administration of first dose, which were inversely associated. In countries with better governance, COVID-19 vaccination was initiated earlier. Conclusion Better national governance indicators were associated with lower excess mortality due to COVID-19 and faster administration of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

National governance and excess mortality due to COVID-19 in 213 countries: a retrospective analysis and perspectives on future pandemics

da Silva,

Novaes,

de Oliveira

et al. 2023

Global Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Sociodemographic inequalities in COVID-19 booster vaccination in Peru: a GINI index decomposition analysis

Intimayta‐Escalante¹,

Tapia-Sequeiros²,

Rojas‐Bolivar³

2023

Preprint

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Background: COVID-19 vaccine coverage, especially in booster doses, remains a significant issue in Peru. This study aimed to analyze the social determinants that affect vaccine coverage and evaluate sociodemographic inequalities in COVID-19 booster dose vaccination in Peru using GINI coefficient decomposition analysis. Methods: An ecological study was conducted with 196 provinces in Peru. GINI coefficient decomposition analysis was performed to assess the inequality of immunization coverage in these provinces, considering sociodemographic characteristics as sources of inequality (sex, age group, educational level, residence area, and ethnic group). The Oaxaca-Blinder method was utilized to decompose the GINI coefficient into Sk (composition effect), Gk (redistribution effect), Rk (differential effect), share value, and percentage change. Bootstrap method based on percentiles was employed to determine 95% confidence interval values for each GINI coefficient and percentage change in the decomposition analysis. Results: A total of 196 Peruvian provinces were evaluated. Among these, 59.74% had higher education, while 10.37% had no education or only elementary education. White or mestizo individuals accounted for 51.62% of the population. The GINI coefficient decomposition analysis, six months after the start of the third and fourth dose vaccination campaign, revealed higher Sk values for the white or mestizo ethnic group (Sk= 6.46 vs Sk= 3.03), people living in rural (Sk= 6.63 vs Sk= 2.76) or urban areas (Sk= 5.88 vs Sk= 2.76), and those aged between 30 and 64 years (Sk= 6.84 vs Sk= 3.20). The highest Gk values were observed for the Aymara (Gk= 0.92 vs Gk= 0.92), Afro-Peruvian (Gk= 0.61 vs Gk= 0.61), and Quechua (Gk= 0.53 vs Gk= 0.53) ethnic groups, in contrast to the white or mestizo group (Gk= 0.34 vs Gk= 0.34). Furthermore, Rk exhibited high positive values for individuals with university or postgraduate education (Rk= 0.59 vs Rk= 0.44) and those living in urban areas (Rk= 0.34 vs Rk= 0.28). Conversely, individuals living in rural areas (Rk= -0.34 vs Rk= -0.28), those with elementary education (Rk= -0.46 vs. Rk= -0.36), and those with no education or only preschool education (Rk= -0.41 vs. Rk= -0.32) displayed high negative Rk values. Conclusion: Sociodemographic inequalities exist in the coverage of third and fourth booster doses against COVID-19 in Peruvian provinces, particularly concerning geographic location, ethnicity, and educational level. Keywords: Health Inequities; COVID-19 vaccine booster shot; Sociodemographic Factors; Peru.

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Association of government effectiveness, logistics performance, IT systems and income with COVID-19 mortality

Cited by 2 publications

References 100 publications

National governance and excess mortality due to COVID-19 in 213 countries: a retrospective analysis and perspectives on future pandemics

National governance and excess mortality due to COVID-19 in 213 countries: a retrospective analysis and perspectives on future pandemics

Sociodemographic inequalities in COVID-19 booster vaccination in Peru: a GINI index decomposition analysis

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