Association of Gestational Diabetes With Maternal Disorders of Glucose Metabolism and Childhood Adiposity

Lowe, William L.; Scholtens, Denise M.; Lowe, Lynn P.; Kuang, Alan; Nodzenski, Michael; Talbot, Octavious; Catalano, Patrick M.; Linder, Barbara; Brickman, Wendy J.; Clayton, Peter E.; Deerochanawong, Chaicharn; Hamilton, Jill; Josefson, Jami L.; Lashley, Michele; Lawrence, Jean M.; Lebenthal, Yael; Ma, Ronald; Maresh, Michael; McCance, David R.; Tam, Wing Hung; Sacks, David A.; Dyer, Alan R.; Metzger, Boyd E.

doi:10.1001/jama.2018.11628

Cited by 407 publications

(406 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This work specifically examining the genetic risk of T2D in women diagnosed with GDM according to different criteria supports the results from the recent HAPO Follow-Up Study (8) which showed that women diagnosed with GDM post-hoc according to IADPSG 2010 criteria had a higher risk for T2D 10 to 14 years after pregnancy. Thus, having established that pregnant women with fasting hyperglycemia alone have a higher clinical and genetic risk for T2D compared with women without GDM, the implications for clinical care need to be considered.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In conclusion, women diagnosed with GDM with a FPG mmol/L during a standard OGTT also have a higher genetic risk for T2D than women with normal glucose in pregnancy, but this may not be true for women with values between 7.8 mmol/L and 8.5 mmol/L. Overall, the IADPSG 2010 criteria identify an important group of women at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as a higher risk for developing future T2D (8). This study has confirmed that this is partly due to genetic predisposition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Thus, values between 7.8 and 8.5 mmol/L may be reflective of a normal physiological response to pregnancy rather than impaired glucose tolerance. On the other hand, FPG levels decrease in pregnancy (22), so, although a threshold of 5.1 mmol/L may not be considered abnormal outside of pregnancy, it represents hyperglycemia within pregnancy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WHO adopted the recommendations of IADPSG in 2013 (2), which has resulted in a higher number of cases identified as GDM due to the lower FPG threshold (estimated up to 17.8% prevalence of GDM for IADPSG 2010 criteria (6) vs 9.4% prevalence for WHO 1999 criteria (7)). The HAPO Follow-Up Study found that women diagnosed by the newer IADPSG criteria have a higher risk of developing disorders of glucose metabolism, including T2D, 10 years after the episode of GDM (8). However, for new cases of GDM diagnosed according to the lower FPG threshold, it is not known if there is a genetic predisposition to 4 T2D, or if alternatively, the underlying genetic predisposition is to raised FPG without a genetic predisposition to T2D.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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All thresholds of maternal hyperglycaemia from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes identify women with a higher genetic risk for type 2 diabetes

Hughes

Hayes

Egan

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Using genetic scores for fasting plasma glucose (FPG GS) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D GS), we investigated whether different diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes (GDM) have different implications for genetic susceptibility to later T2D in women from the the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) and Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP) studies. To investigate different features of WHO (1999) and IADPSG (2010) criteria for diagnosing GDM, cases were divided into three subgroups: (i) FPG ≥ 5.1 mmol/L only, n=261; (ii) 2-hour glucose post 75 g oral glucose load ≥ 7.8 mmol/L only, n=305); and (iii) both FPG ≥ 5.1 mmol/L and 2-hour glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L, n=135. We compared the FPG and T2D genetic scores of these groups with controls (n=3,083). GDM as defined by fasting hyperglycemia was associated with a higher genetic score for both FPG and T2D, whether or not 2-hour glucose was also raised. GDM defined only by 2-hour hyperglycemia, was associated with a higher T2D GS, but not a higher FPG GS. The T2D GS was similar whether the fasting glucose alone, 2-hour glucose alone, or both fasting and 2hour glucose were raised. Thus, the newest criteria identify women with a genetic predisposition to T2D who may not have been identified by previous criteria.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

All thresholds of maternal hyperglycaemia from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes identify women with a higher genetic risk for type 2 diabetes

Hughes

Hayes

Egan

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After 2–3 years of age, offspring of diabetic mothers tend to gain weight faster than other children, and rapid weight gain is observed after 5 years of age . Two recent studies by the HAPO Follow‐up Study Cooperative Research Group suggested that among children of mothers with GDM had higher BMIs, body fat percentages, waist circumferences, and the sum of skinfolds at the age of 10–14 years old, and they also suggested that maternal glucose levels are associated with childhood adiposity . Since our study is one of the largest‐scale birth cohort studies of China, it was designed to have a long‐term follow‐up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Associations of maternal glycemia and prepregnancy BMI with early childhood growth: a prospective cohort study

Zhang

Chen

Cao

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The prevalence of maternal and child overweight/obesity and gestational hyperglycemia has increased greatly in China in recent years. However, studies examining the relationship between maternal hyperglycemia, maternal prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI), and offspring obesity in China are limited. Here, we conducted a prospective study of 6684 mother−child pairs in Wuhan, China in 2012–2015. Maternal glucose concentrations were measured at approximately 24–28 weeks of gestation; children's weight and length were measured at birth and at 6, 12, and 24 months of age; and BMI‐for‐age Z‐scores (BMIZ) were calculated for different time points. We found that maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentrations were positively associated with offspring ponderal index and the risk of macrosomia at birth, but not with BMIZ or the risk of overweight/obesity at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. By contrast, maternal ppBMI was positively associated with both an increased risk of macrosomia at birth and overweight/obesity at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. Here, we observed an interaction effect of the association of FPG and ppBMI on offspring macrosomia and a mediating effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on the pathway between ppBMI and macrosomia. Our findings suggest that maternal ppBMI is a more pronounced predictor than gestational FPG concentrations in both the relation to BMIZ and the risk of overweight/obesity in early childhood.

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Gestational Diabetes and Childhood Obesity

Bradshaw

Ensor

Lorenz

2019

JAMA

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Association of Gestational Diabetes With Maternal Disorders of Glucose Metabolism and Childhood Adiposity

Cited by 407 publications

References 43 publications

All thresholds of maternal hyperglycaemia from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes identify women with a higher genetic risk for type 2 diabetes

All thresholds of maternal hyperglycaemia from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes identify women with a higher genetic risk for type 2 diabetes

Associations of maternal glycemia and prepregnancy BMI with early childhood growth: a prospective cohort study

Gestational Diabetes and Childhood Obesity

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