Association of geographic tongue and fissured tongue with ABO blood group among adult psoriasis patients: a novel study from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia

Qahtani, Nabeeh A. Al; Deepthi, Angeline; Alhussain, Nada Mohammed; Shahrani, Bashayer Ayesh Mohammed Al; Alshehri, Hamza; Alhefzi, Amal Abdulkhalig; Joseph, Betsy

doi:10.1016/j.oooo.2019.01.080

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A systematic review and meta-analysis including 11 case-control studies found that the frequency of GT was statistically associated with psoriasis (pooled OR was 3.53, 95% CI: 2.56-4.86) (204), however prevalence rates vary from 0.51% to 11.43% and data for Europe are sparse (205). A hospital-based cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia found a positive association of both GT and fissured tongue in adult patients with psoriasis compared with those without (206). The PASI score was statistically higher in patients affected by GT, and exhibited less improvement after treatment (204).…”

Section: Oral Comorbidities Geographic Tonguementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Psoriasis and Comorbid Diseases: A Narrative Review

Ding

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that remains active for a long period, even for life in most patients. The impact of psoriasis on health is not only limited to the skin, but also influences multiple systems of the body, even mental health. With the increasing of literature on the association between psoriasis and extracutaneous systems, a better understanding of psoriasis as an autoimmune disease with systemic inflammation is created. Except for cardiometabolic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, chronic kidney diseases, malignancy, and infections that have received much attention, the association between psoriasis and more systemic diseases, including the skin system, reproductive system, and oral and ocular systems has also been revealed, and mental health diseases draw more attention not just because of the negative mental and mood influence caused by skin lesions, but a common immune-inflammatory mechanism identified of the two systemic diseases. This review summarizes the epidemiological evidence supporting the association between psoriasis and important and/or newly reported systemic diseases in the past 5 years, and may help to comprehensively recognize the comorbidity burden related to psoriasis, further to improve the management of people with psoriasis.

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Section: Oral Comorbidities Geographic Tonguementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Psoriasis and Comorbid Diseases: A Narrative Review

Ding

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…found that only 4% had fissures [8]. The large differences found in these reports suggest that the determination of tongue fissures may be subjectively, thus different observers report different results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Tongue fissure visualization by using deep learning – an example of the application of artificial intelligence in traditional medicine

Chang¹,

Wu²,

Lo³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) describes physiological and pathological changes inside and outside the human body by the application of four methods of diagnosis. One of the four methods, tongue diagnosis, is widely used by TCM physicians, since it allows direct observations that prevent discrepancies in the patient’s history and, as such, provides clinically important, objective evidence. The clinical significance of tongue features has been explored in both TCM and modern medicine. However, TCM physicians may have different interpretations of the features displayed by the same tongue, and therefore intra- and inter-observer agreements are relatively low. If an automated interpretation system could be developed, more consistent results could be obtained, and learning could also be more efficient. This study will apply a recently developed deep learning method to the classification of tongue features, and indicate the regions where the features are located. Methods A large number of tongue photographs with labeled fissures were used. Transfer learning was conducted using the ImageNet-pretrained ResNet50 model to determine whether tongue fissures were identified on a tongue photograph. Often, the neural network model lacks interpretability, and users cannot understand how the model determines the presence of tongue fissures. Therefore, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was also applied to directly mark the tongue features on the tongue image. Results Only 6 epochs were trained in this study and no graphics processing units (GPUs) were used. It took less than 4 minutes for each epoch to be trained. The correct rate for the test set was approximately 70%. After the model training was completed, Grad-CAM was applied to localize tongue fissures in each image. The neural network model not only determined whether tongue fissures existed, but also allowed users to learn about the tongue fissure regions. Conclusions This study demonstrated how to apply transfer learning using the ImageNet-pretrained ResNet50 model for the identification and localization of tongue fissures and regions. The neural network model built in this study provided interpretability and intuitiveness, (often lacking in general neural network models), and improved the feasibility for clinical application.

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“…Generally, a fissured tongue does not directly indicate a specific disease. For instance, the reported incidence of tongue fissures ranges widely (from 20%-95%) in patients with Down syndrome in three different studies [21][22][23] and also in patients with psoriasis (from 4%-66%) [24][25][26]. Not only do the incidence rates of fissured tongue vary widely in specific diseases, but also, it remains to be clarified as to whether tongue fissures are simply a normal phenomenon of age from adolescence upwards, and when tongue fissures have pathological significance.…”

Section: Tongue Fissuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue feature dataset construction and real-time detection

Chang,

Chen,

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides clinically important, objective evidence from direct observation of specific features that assist with diagnosis. However, the current interpretation of tongue features requires a significant amount of manpower and time. TCM physicians may have different interpretations of features displayed by the same tongue. An automated interpretation system that interprets tongue features would expedite the interpretation process and yield more consistent results. Materials and methods This study applied deep learning visualization to tongue diagnosis. After collecting tongue images and corresponding interpretation reports by TCM physicians in a single teaching hospital, various tongue features such as fissures, tooth marks, and different types of coatings were annotated manually with rectangles. These annotated data and images were used to train a deep learning object detection model. Upon completion of training, the position of each tongue feature was dynamically marked. Results A large high-quality manually annotated tongue feature dataset was constructed and analyzed. A detection model was trained with average precision (AP) 47.67%, 58.94%, 71.25% and 59.78% for fissures, tooth marks, thick and yellow coatings, respectively. At over 40 frames per second on a NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060, the model was capable of detecting tongue features from any viewpoint in real time. Conclusions/Significance This study constructed a tongue feature dataset and trained a deep learning object detection model to locate tongue features in real time. The model provided interpretability and intuitiveness that are often lacking in general neural network models and implies good feasibility for clinical application.

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Association of geographic tongue and fissured tongue with ABO blood group among adult psoriasis patients: a novel study from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Epidemiology of Psoriasis and Comorbid Diseases: A Narrative Review

Epidemiology of Psoriasis and Comorbid Diseases: A Narrative Review

Tongue fissure visualization by using deep learning – an example of the application of artificial intelligence in traditional medicine

Tongue feature dataset construction and real-time detection

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