Association of genotypes with infection types and antifungal susceptibilities inCandida albicansas revealed by recent molecular typing strategies

Abstract

Candida albicans is a commensal microorganism in the mucosa of healthy individuals, but is also the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. It causes from benign infections such as oral and vaginal candidiasis to fatal, systematic diseases in immunocompromised or critically ill patients. In addition to improved therapy, the rapid and accurate identification of the disease-causing strains is crucial for diagnosis, clinical treatment and epidemiological studies of candidiasis. A variety of methods for strain typing of C. albicans have been developed. The most commonly used methods with the focus on recently developed molecular typing or DNA-fingerprinting strategies and the recent findings in the association of specific and genetically similar genotypes with certain infection types and the correlation between azole susceptibilities and certain genotypes of C. albicans from China are reviewed.

Virulence and antifungal susceptibility of microsatellite genotypes of Candida albicans from superficial and deep locations

“…It shows that the risk of VVC in prevalent genotype was 4.3 times higher than that in other genotypes after controlling for age, marital, and sexual factors. CAI microsatellite genotyping has repeatedly been proven to be a powerful method for epidemiology of C. albicans (Bai, ). This approach revealed a significantly larger diversity than classical typing using 25S rDNA introns.…”

“…Out of 57 microsatellite genotypes revealed in this study, 12 seemed to have a global distribution, because the same genotypes were reported in Europe (Kageyama et al, ). Thirty‐six genotypes were shared between Beijing/Tianjing, Guangdong, Guiyang, and Wuhan, representing northern, southern, western, and central regions of China, respectively (Bai, ; Fan et al, ; Ge et al, ). Seven novel genotypes were recognized in the current study, which seemed to have a local distribution.…”

“…Microsatellite loci (e.g., CAI, CAIII, CAV, CAVI, and CAVII) located in coding or non‐coding regions have been employed for strain typing of C. albicans (Sampaio et al, , ). GeneScan analyses of the CAI microsatellites proved to be particularly powerful (Bai, ; Carvalho‐Pereira, Vaz, Carneiro, Pais, & Sampaio, ). Previous studies showed promising results when using this method to determine genetic diversity in C. albicans with VVC and non‐VVC clinical features (Bai, ; Fan et al, ; Ge et al, ).…”

“…GeneScan analyses of the CAI microsatellites proved to be particularly powerful (Bai, ; Carvalho‐Pereira, Vaz, Carneiro, Pais, & Sampaio, ). Previous studies showed promising results when using this method to determine genetic diversity in C. albicans with VVC and non‐VVC clinical features (Bai, ; Fan et al, ; Ge et al, ). The method proved to be sufficiently sensitive to reveal consistent geographical structuring within the species.…”

Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Fungal Pathogens

“…The welldifferentiated, cryptic species, C. albicans and C. dubliniensis showed differences in virulence (Gilfillan et al 1998). Within C. albicans in China, it has been reported that different genotypes associate with different phenotypes of disease presentation and antifungal resistance (Bai 2014), and that his association can involve clades of pathogenic strains that are geographically distinct (Ge et al 2012). European C. albicans has also shown association between genotype and antifungal resistance, as well as cellsurface repeats, but not pathogenicity (Odds 2010).…”