Association of gastric and duodenal ulcers with anthropometry and nutrients: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES II-IV) 2001-2009

Abstract

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the association of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), including gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, with obesity-related indices, nutrients, and blood parameters in Korean adults.MethodsData were obtained from the Second-Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES II-IV). Binary logistic regression was carried out to analyze the association between PUD and all variables in the crude analysis; in a subsequent analysis, adjustments were made for age, region, house type, number of snacks per day, and number of household members.ResultsPUD exhibited the highest association with age in both men and women among all variables used in this study. In men, only body mass index was associated with PUD in both the crude and adjusted analyses. PUD was associated with weight, height, and fat in the crude analysis, but these associations disappeared after adjustment for confounders. Vitamin B2, hemoglobin, and glucose were related to PUD, but these associations became nonsignificant in the adjusted analysis. Water, vitamin C, and potassium were not associated with PUD in the crude analysis but were associated with PUD after adjustment for confounders. In women, systolic blood pressure and height were associated with PUD. PUD was also related to waist circumference, the waist-to-height ratio, fat, and cholesterol, but these associations became nonsignificant after adjustment for confounders. Vitamin C, protein, niacin, sodium, energy, vitamin B2, vitamin B1, and aspartate aminotransferases were associated with PUD in only the crude analysis. PUD was not associated with diastolic blood pressure, water, vitamin A, or glucose, but these factors were associated with the disease in the adjusted analysis.ConclusionOlder age was a risk factor for PUD in Korean adults, and the association of PUD with most nutrients and anthropometric indices may differ according to gender.

Obesity and Risk of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Large-Scale Health Check-Up Cohort Study

“…The association between PUD and obesity was investigated in several studies but the findings remained controversial [4,5,6,7,8,9]. Several studies have reported obesity as an independent risk factor of PUD [4,5,6,7,8]. However, some of these studies had diagnostic limitations, based on self-reported questionnaire for diagnosing PUD [4,6,8].…”

“…Several studies have reported obesity as an independent risk factor of PUD [4,5,6,7,8]. However, some of these studies had diagnostic limitations, based on self-reported questionnaire for diagnosing PUD [4,6,8]. Thus, less severe cases of PUD could have been excluded, since they have a lesser chance of visits to doctors to undergo EGD or surgery.…”

“…Thus, less severe cases of PUD could have been excluded, since they have a lesser chance of visits to doctors to undergo EGD or surgery. Of the six studies [4,5,6,7,8,9], only in two studies did participants routinely undergo EGD [7,9]. Furthermore, prior studies were limited by small sample sizes, cross-sectional design, and lack of information on potential confounders [4,5,7,8,9].…”

“…Of the six studies [4,5,6,7,8,9], only in two studies did participants routinely undergo EGD [7,9]. Furthermore, prior studies were limited by small sample sizes, cross-sectional design, and lack of information on potential confounders [4,5,7,8,9]. Four of the six studies did not adjust for Helicobacter pylori status and/or the regular use of either NSAIDs or antiplatelet, which are well-recognized causes of PUD [4,7,8,9].…”

“…The prevalence of idiopathic ulcer, ulcers not caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or aspirin, is increasing [3] and past studies proposed possible risk factors [4,5]. Obesity has been reported as a risk factor of PUD in many studies [4,5,6,7,8], yet conflicting results have been reported in several studies [9]. It is unclear whether PUD is independently associated with obesity.…”