Association of gas cooking with children’s respiratory health: results from GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohort studies

Abstract

These analyses are consistent with the assumption of no effect of the exposure to low doses of nitrogen dioxide. The strong positive associations found between gas cooking and other indoor factors highlight the importance of considering other indoor factors when assessing health effects of gas cooking. Low-dose exposure to indoor nitrogen dioxide through gas cooking might not contribute to increase the risk of asthma and respiratory symptoms in children.

Prenatal exposure to cooking gas and respiratory health in infants is modified by tobacco smoke exposure and diet in the INMA birth cohort study

“…Presence of gas cookers in homes is an indicator of nitrogen dioxide as we saw in INMA previously [34,35] as well as a source of particles (PM 2.5 and Ultra Fine Particles) and black carbon [36]. Comparing with other longitudinal studies carried out in Europe [37,38] in this multicenter birth cohort study in Spain we found a considerable percentage of individuals exposed to gas cookers, around 45.5%. We tested for different types of gas cooking used by participants (network gas (31.6%) -primarily metane-, or bottle gas (13.9%) - primarily butane and propane in very low concentration-) and results remained stable (data not shown).…”

“…We evaluated exposure during pregnancy and to the best of our knowledge no other papers have been published evaluating exposure before birth, although a recent article that also found no association evaluated exposure to gas cooking at birth [38]. In our study, due to the high proportion of homes that maintain the same type of cooking range from pregnancy to the first year (91.2%) (only 3.3% changed from electric to gas and 5.5% changed from gas to electric), it is impossible to distinguish if the relationship found is related only to prenatal exposure or only to postnatal exposure or both.…”

Breathing with an enemy in the kitchen: a narrative review of the concepts on cleaner energy, respiratory effects of indoor air pollution due to cooking and the potential way forward

“…However, a positive association (p<0.05) was observed between exposure to gas cooking and the exposure to other indoor factors such as dampness, tobacco smoke and pets. It was highlighted that in assessing the effects of gas cooking, the other indoor factors must be considered (55).…”

Gas cooking, respiratory and allergic outcomes in the PIAMA birth cohort study

“…Several studies6–11 reported positive associations between gas cooking and respiratory symptoms (such as wheezing, cough, nasal symptoms and atopic rhinitis) and eczema in children, while other studies showed no effects 12–15. Most studies so far were cross-sectional; prospective birth cohort studies conducted in Europe16 17 and Canada18 have also examined the associations between gas cooking exposure and childhood respiratory diseases. However, analyses within most16 18 of the previous birth cohorts have been essentially cross-sectional; little evidence has been found to support an association between gas cooking exposure and asthma.…”