Association of Endocan, Ischemia-Modified Albumin, and hsCRP Levels With Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

We investigated the relationship of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels with direct (endocan) and indirect (carotid intima-media thickness [cIMT] and 24 hours urine protein excretion) endothelial dysfunction indicators in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with T2DM (n = 88) and 88 healthy individuals were included in the study. The median endocan (475.15 vs 216.37 pg/mL; P < .001, respectively) and hsCRP (10.74 vs 3.11 mg/L; P < .001, respectively) and the mean IMA (0.64 ± 0.12 vs 0.51 ± 0.12 absorbance units; P < .001, respectively) levels were higher in participants with endothelial dysfunction compared to those without endothelial dysfunction in T2DM. The 24-hour urine protein excretion and cIMT levels had a positive correlation with hsCRP ( r = .357; P = .001 and r = .592; P < .001, respectively), IMA ( r = .519; P < .001 and r = .495; P < .001, respectively) and endocan ( r = .347; P = .001 and r = .583; P < .001, respectively) levels in the T2DM group. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis, which included laboratory findings found to be associated with endothelial dysfunction, showed that endocan (odds ratio [OR] = 1.456; P = .004), hsCRP (OR = 1.298; P = .008), and IMA (OR = 2.270, P = .003) were independent risk factors. It was found that none of these markers were superior in terms of diagnostic discrimination for endothelial dysfunction. Endocan, IMA, and hsCRP levels were found to be associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with T2DM.

Endocan and a novel score for dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation (DOI score) are independently correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

“…In the study of Balamir et al [25], serum endocan levels were shown to be associated with endothelial dysfunction in T2D patients. Also, a recent study of Lv et al [26] suggested that serum endocan might be a reliable parameter for the early diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerosis in T2D patients, showing its independent relationship with carotid intima-media thickness.…”

Enhanced Function of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells Through ESM1 Signaling

“…Subsequently, high‐throughput RNA‐Sequencing (RNA‐Seq) of iPS cells, iPS‐ECs, and a subset of primary endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells [HUVECs]) was implemented to undertake comparative transcriptome analyses. Out of the many genes, endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1 (ESM1) emerged as a primary candidate due to its known implication in a variety of cell functions such as angiogenesis and EC responses due to stress factors and disease . As a result, we found that the Endothelial Cell‐Specific Molecule 1 (ESM1) holds a key role in enrichment and improved function of iPS‐ECs.…”

Endocan and Lumican in Relation to Cardiometabolic Risk in a Pediatric Overweight and Obese Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Serum Lumican levels were not different compared to healthy controls. Proteomic studies in adults identified Lumican as an important promoter of hepatic fibrosis [9]. Lumican overexpression in histological samples from adults was also associated with progressive NAFLD [29].…”

“…Two of those molecules are Endocan (Endothelial cell-Specific Molecule 1, ESM-1) and Lumican, but only few clinical studies address their applicability in NAFLD. The former is a proteoglycan well studied as an endothelial dysfunction biomarker in miscellaneous conditions like cancer, sepsis, pneumonia, pulmonary thromboembolism, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery-associated complications in neonates, and systemic sclerosis [ 6 – 9 ]. The latter is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan expressed in the extracellular matrix which regulates the process of collagen fibrillogenesis [ 10 ].…”