Association of Efficacy of Resistance Exercise Training With Depressive Symptoms

Gordon, Brett R.; McDowell, Cillian P.; Hallgren, Mats; Meyer, Jacob D.; Lyons, Mark; Herring, Matthew P.

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0572

Cited by 319 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Overall, this study illustrates MR as a way to strengthen causal inference for the role of protective factors in mental health. Our results complement evidence from randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies indicating that physical activity has causal protective effects on depression (3)(4)(5). Drawing on instruments derived from large-scale crosssectional GWAS of phenotypes can reduce the burden of conducting intensive randomized trials and/or collecting extensive exposure and outcome data over time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Testing Causal Bidirectional Influences between Physical Activity and Depression using Mendelian Randomization

Chen

Stein

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Background: Burgeoning evidence from randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies suggests that physical activity protects against depression, pointing to a potential modifiable target for prevention. However, the direction of this inverse association is not clear: physical activity may reduce risk for depression, and/or depression may result in decreased physical activity. Here, we used bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to test causal influences between physical activity and depression. Methods: For genetic instruments, we selected independent top SNPs associated with major depressive disorder (MDD, N = 143,265) and two physical activity phenotypes-self-reported (N = 377,234) and objective accelerometer-based (N = 91,084)-from the largest available, non-overlapping genome-wide association results. We used two sets of genetic instruments: (1) only SNPs previously reported as genome-wide significant, and (2) top SNPs meeting a more relaxed threshold (p < 1x10 -7 ). For each direction of influence, we combined the MR effect estimates from each instrument SNP using inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis, along with other standard MR methods such as weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. Results: We found evidence for protective influences of accelerometer-based activity on MDD (IVW odds ratio (OR) = 0.74 for MDD per 1 SD unit increase in average acceleration, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-0.92, p = .006) when using SNPs meeting the relaxed threshold (i.e., 10 versus only 2 genome-wide significant SNPs, which provided insufficient data for sensitivity analyses). In contrast, we found no evidence for negative influences of MDD on accelerometer-based activity (IVW b = 0.04 change in average acceleration for MDD versus control status, 95% CI = -0.43-0.51, p = .87).Furthermore, we did not see evidence for causal influences between self-reported activity and MDD, in either direction and regardless of instrument SNP criteria. Discussion: We apply MR EXERCISE AND DEPRESSION 3 for the first time to examine causal influences between physical activity and MDD. We discover that objectively measured-but not self-reported-physical activity is inversely associated with MDD. Of note, prior work has shown that accelerometer-based physical activity is more heritable than self-reported activity, in addition to being more representative of actual movement.Our findings validate physical activity as a protective factor for MDD and point to the importance of objective measurement of physical activity in epidemiological studies in relation to mental health. Overall, this study supports the hypothesis that enhancing physical activity is an effective prevention strategy for depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Testing Causal Bidirectional Influences between Physical Activity and Depression using Mendelian Randomization

Chen

Stein

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Relatedly, Byrne, Fleg, Vaitkevicius, Wright, and Porges (1996) failed to find a significant contribution of cardiorespiratory fitness or BMI on RSA assessed in supine, seated, or standing postures in healthy normotensive adult men from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging. Despite a very large number of studies examining the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on depression (Cooney et al, 2013; Gordon et al, 2018; Rethorst & Trivedi, 2013), there are remarkably many fewer published studies that examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and depression (Sui et al, 2009). Although fitness did not significantly moderate relationships between CAB and MDD status or symptom severity, it is possible that the effects of aerobic exercise on depression are mediated by changes in cardiac autonomic control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower resting cardiac autonomic balance in young adults with current major depression

et al. 2019

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Research on cardiac autonomic function in major depressive disorder (MDD) has predominantly examined cardiac vagal control and adopted a model of reciprocal autonomic balance. A proposed bivariate autonomic continuum uses cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) models, derived from normalized values of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and pre-ejection period, to more adequately index patterns of autonomic control. The purpose of this study was to assess resting levels of CAB and CAR among young adults with and without a current diagnosis of major depression. One hundred forty-two young adults (n = 65 MDD, n = 77 healthy controls; 20.8 ± 2.6 years) completed a structured diagnostic interview, cardiovascular assessment, and a maximal aerobic fitness test. The findings revealed that CAB, but not CAR, significantly predicted current MDD status (OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.53, 0.93]), an effect that remained after controlling for aerobic fitness and body mass index. Although CAB was found to be a significant predictor of current MDD status among a sample of young adults, there remained substantial variation in autonomic control that was not captured by the traditional model of reciprocal autonomic balance.

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“…Existing prospective studies have typically relied on actively tracked research cohorts with explicit assessments of depression (Gordon et al, 2018;Mammen & Faulkner, 2013;Schuch et al, 2018;Teychenne, Ball, & Salmon, 2008), which may not only limit sample size for comprehensive genotyping but also influence the recall and detection of depression cases. To address these issues, we capitalize on a biobank-based virtual cohort with integrated electronic health records (EHR), genomic data, and lifestyle survey responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity offsets genetic risk for incident depression assessed via electronic health records in a biobank cohort study

et al. 2019

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Background: Physical activity is increasingly recognized as an important modifiable factor for depression. However, the extent to which individuals with stable risk factors for depression, such as high genetic vulnerability, can benefit from the protective effects of physical activity, remains unknown. Using a longitudinal biobank cohort integrating genomic data from 7,968 individuals of European ancestry with high-dimensional electronic health records and lifestyle survey responses, we examined whether physical activity was prospectively associated with reduced risk for incident depression in the context of genetic vulnerability.Methods: We identified individuals with incident episodes of depression, based on two or more diagnostic billing codes for a depressive disorder within 2 years following their lifestyle survey, and no such codes in the year prior. Polygenic risk scores were derived based on large-scale genome-wide association results for major depression. We tested main effects of physical activity and polygenic risk scores on incident depression, and effects of physical activity within stratified groups of polygenic risk.Results: Polygenic risk was associated with increased odds of incident depression, and physical activity showed a protective effect of similar but opposite magnitude, even after adjusting for BMI, employment status, educational attainment, and prior depression. Higher levels of physical activity were associated with reduced odds of incident depression across all levels of genetic vulnerability, even among individuals at highest polygenic risk.Conclusions: Real-world data from a large healthcare system suggest that individuals with high genetic vulnerability are more likely to avoid incident episodes of depression if they are physically active.

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Association of Efficacy of Resistance Exercise Training With Depressive Symptoms

Cited by 319 publications

References 97 publications

Testing Causal Bidirectional Influences between Physical Activity and Depression using Mendelian Randomization

Testing Causal Bidirectional Influences between Physical Activity and Depression using Mendelian Randomization

Lower resting cardiac autonomic balance in young adults with current major depression

Physical activity offsets genetic risk for incident depression assessed via electronic health records in a biobank cohort study

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