Association of Dietary Variety and Diversity With Body Mass Index in US Preschool Children

Fernandez, Carmen; Kasper, Nicole; Miller, Alison L.; Lumeng, Julie C.; Peterson, Karen E.

doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2307

Cited by 45 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Dietary diversity represents the extent to which foods of the different food groups are consumed in the last 24 h. The current cross-sectional results, which indicated an association between dietary diversity score and BMI, were consistent with those of several other cross-sectional studies, but were also inconsistent with some presenting no significant positive associations (42,43) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among children from primary schools in urban areas of Lomé, Togo

Sagbo

Ekouévi

Ranjandriarison

et al. 2018

Public Health Nutr.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among children from primary schools in urban areas of Lomé, Togo

Sagbo

Ekouévi

Ranjandriarison

et al. 2018

Public Health Nutr.

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“…A study conducted by Fernandez et al indicated that higher food diversity may be positively associated with increasing BMI of children [12]; however, in our study, no signi cant association was found between food diversity and this element of child nutritional status. This may be due to lower overall obesity rates among the study's participants.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…The National Nutrition Survey on Preschool Children conducted in Japan reported that approximately 80% of parents expressed frequent concerns about the dietary habits of their children [10]. Studies have particularly linked limited dietary variety to low intakes of fruits and vegetables and high intakes of unhealthy processed food [11,12], with possible consequences including obesity [12]. Preschool children's dietary behaviors and physical activity are associated with home environment and parental behaviors [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between parents’ dietary care and food diversity among preschool children in Japan

Ishikawa¹,

Haraikawa

Eto

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background Increasing food diversity in early childhood diets is important; however, few studies on parental care emphasize the necessity of ensuring greater food diversity for children. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between preschool children’s dietary diversity and parents’ care behaviors related to their diet including contents of foods and snacks, mealtime practice, and parent–child communication. Methods Data were extracted from the National Nutrition Survey on Preschool Children conducted among households with toddlers and preschoolers in 2015 by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Based on 2143 responses from households with children aged 2–6 years, a food diversity score (8 food groups: max of 8 points) was calculated and the distribution was confirmed. The participants were divided into higher (≥4 points, n = 1151) and lower (≤3 points; n = 992) food diversity groups. A comparison between the two groups examined parents’ socioeconomic status, children’s health and living conditions, and parental care concerning children’s diets (13 items, including nutritional balance of foods, snack content, and regularity of mealtimes). Based on the results, a multiple regression analysis was performed relating food diversity scores to the factors of parental socioeconomic status and child health, and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors of parental care related to the higher food diversity group. Results Among the higher food diversity group, mothers were older, subjective economic status was higher, parents’ skipped breakfast skipping less, and children had fewer caries and engaged in less than two hours of screen time per day. Parental care concerning children’s diets was the factor most strongly associated with children’s food diversity scores. Among such habits, those factors most strongly associated with higher food diversity were nutritional balance of foods (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.44–2.16; p < .0001), snack contents (OR: 1.41; CI: 1.07–1.86; p = 0.014), and regular mealtimes (OR: 1.30; CI: 1.08–1.55; p = 0.005). Conclusion The findings indicate the importance of parents paying attention to the contents of children’s foods and snacks, ensuring that children eat regularly, and increasing the diversity of their diets.

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“…It is very important to provide a good variety and diversity of foods for each stage of age to ensure child development [3]. The Global Burden of Disease (2017) concluded that poor dietary habits are associated with a range of chronic diseases and can potentially be a major contributor to chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD) and a cause of mortality in all countries worldwide (11 million deaths in 2017) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study †

Madrigal

Soto-Méndez²,

Hernández‐Ruiz³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The present study aimed to assess energy intake, nutrient profile and food sources in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (“Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española”) study. Plausibility of energy intake and adequacy of nutrient intakes to international recommendations were analyzed in a final sample of 1448 subjects (728 boys and 720 girls) and one group representative of the 1 to <10 years old urban Spanish children (reference sample (n = 707)) who consumed milk and one of the same age who consumed adapted milk over the last year (adapted milk consumers sample (n = 741)) were compared. Both groups completed data of a face-to-face and a telephone 24-h dietary recalls. Both the reference and the adapted milk consumers samples reported an adequate daily energy intake (1503 kcal/day and 1404 kcal/day); and a high contribution to total energy from protein (16.5% and 15.6%) and fat (36.5% and 35.9%). Also, a high percentage of children from both samples were below the lower limit of the recommendations for carbohydrates (47.8% and 39.3%). As the percentage of plausible energy reporters was high for both groups (84.7% and 83.5%, respectively), data for the whole sample were analyzed. Milk and dairy, cereals, meat and derived products, fats and oils, bakery and pastry, fruits and vegetables contributed to about 80% of the total energy intake in both groups. However, the reference sample reported significantly more contribution to energy from cereals, meat and meat products, bakery and pastry and ready to cook/eat foods; meanwhile, the adapted milk consumers sample reported significantly more energy from milk and dairy products, fruits and eggs. Those results suggest that adapted milk consumers have better adherence to the food-based dietary guidelines. Further analyses are warranted to characterize food patterns and the quality of the diet in the EsNuPI study population.

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Association of Dietary Variety and Diversity With Body Mass Index in US Preschool Children

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dietary variety and diversity are recommended in dietary guidelines, but their association with BMI in US preschool-aged children is unknown. This study examined predictors of dietary variety and diversity and their association with child BMI z score (BMIz).

Cited by 45 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among children from primary schools in urban areas of Lomé, Togo

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among children from primary schools in urban areas of Lomé, Togo

The relationship between parents’ dietary care and food diversity among preschool children in Japan

Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study †

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