Association of dietary type with fecal microbiota in vegetarians and omnivores in Slovenia

Matijašić, Bojana Bogovič; Obermajer, Tanja; Lipoglavšek, Luka; Grabnar, Iztok; Avguštin, Gorazd; Rogelj, Irena

doi:10.1007/s00394-013-0607-6

Cited by 173 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Interestingly, the respective diets brought about a transcriptional response among the gut microbiota that was consistent with previously reported differences in gene abundances between herbivorous and carnivorous animals [61]. In other studies, members of the Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa have been found to be enriched in the faeces of omnivores compared to vegetarians and lactovegetarians, who generally consume higher proportions of carbohydrates as part of their diet [97][98][99]. These clusters of bacteria are noted for their ability to convert dietary fibre to SCFAs.…”

Section: Modulation By Dietsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Associated with Prevotella-rich enterotype [62] Faster gut transit time compared to high protein and animal fat diet [62] Omnivorous compared to vegetarian and lactovegetarian [97][98][99] Increased Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa [97][98][99] Not reported High-fat, simple carbohydrate ''Western'' diet [38,40] Increased Firmicutes, decreased Bacteroidetes [38,40] Diet-induced obesity. Subsequent transplantation of obese microbiota to germ free mice increased adiposity [40] Reduced carbohydrate intake [63] Reduced Bifidobacterium, Roseburia spp.…”

Section: Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota

et al. 2014

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a b s t r a c tThe human gut microbiota comprises approximately 100 trillion microbial cells and has a significant effect on many aspects of human physiology including metabolism, nutrient absorption and immune function. Disruption of this population has been implicated in many conditions and diseases, including examples such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer that are highlighted in this review. A logical extension of these observations suggests that the manipulation of the gut microbiota can be employed to prevent or treat these conditions. Thus, here we highlight a variety of options, including the use of changes in diet (including the use of prebiotics), antimicrobial-based intervention, probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation, and discuss their relative merits with respect to modulating the intestinal community in a beneficial way.

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Section: Modulation By Dietsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota

et al. 2014

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“…This was due to a higher abundance of Bacteroides (e.g. Prevotella, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides fragilis) and a decreased abundance of Clostridium cluster XIVa and IV [41][42][43]. In humans [44] and mice [45], Western diet was associated with reduced microbial diversity, increased relative abundance of Firmicutes and an underrepresentation of the genus Prevotella.…”

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confidence: 98%

The gut microbiota: An emerging risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease

2018

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Commensal gut microbiota have recently been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease. Atherosclerotic plaque formation depends on the colonization status of the host. In addition to host nutrition and the related microbiota-dependent metabolic changes, activation of innate immune pathways triggers the development of atherosclerosis and supports arterial thrombosis. Gnotobiotic mouse models have uncovered that activation of Toll-like receptor-2 by gut microbial ligands supports von Willebrand factor-integrin mediated platelet deposition to the site of vascular injury. Depending on nutritional factors, the microbiota-derived choline-metabolite trimethylamine Noxide (TMAO) increases atherosclerotic plaque size, triggers prothrombotic platelet function and promotes arterial thrombus growth. Hence, the composition of the commensal microbiota is an emerging risk factor for CVD. Here, we provide an overview on microbiota-dependent pathomechanisms that drive the development of CVD and arterial thrombosis.Keywords: Arterial thrombosis r Atherosclerosis r Cardiovascular disease r Microbiota r Toll-like receptors IntroductionAt birth, our body surfaces are colonized by microbial communities (microbiota), representing one of the most densely colonized microbial ecosystems [1]. This process is strongly influenced by genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors [2]. The commensal microbiota constitutes a permanent inflammatory stimulus [3], which is kept in check by the host's immune responses [4]. The microbiota can be viewed as an organ that impacts host physiology [5,6]. Changes in gut microbiota composition were associated with intestinal diseases (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer) and cardiometabolic disease states, such as diet-induced obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and arterial thrombosis [7]. The results from recent experimental and clinical studies have led to the assumption that Correspondence: Christoph Reinhardt e-mail: Christoph.Reinhardt@unimedizin-mainz.de molecules synthesized by the intestinal microbiota are involved in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [8] and may increase the risk of arterial thrombosis [9, 10] as well as the outcome of ischemic stroke [11]. Experimental evidence from germ-free mouse studies and metagenomics analyses have associated the gut microbiota with obesity [12][13][14][15], type 2 diabetes [3, 16, 17], stroke [11, 18], and CVD [8, 9, 19]. Therefore, targeting the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota may represent a therapeutic option that in the future may allow prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases [20].Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on the emerging link between gut microbiota and CVD. We delineate the contribution of this complex microbial ecosystem to metabolic inflammation and its impact on host metabolism. The main focus of this review is to highlight how gut microbiota may contribute to the development of CVD, cerebrovascular disease and arterial thromb...

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“…Germans on vegetarian or vegan diet showed a modest decrease in Bacteroides , Bifidobacterium and Escherichia coli compared with matched omnivores (Zimmer et al ., 2012). Vegetarians from Slovenia demonstrated a higher faecal concentration of the Bacteroides‐Prevotella group than omnivores (Matijašić et al ., 2014). A small group of US vegetarians showed a non‐significant increase in Prevotella enterotype (Wu et al ., 2011).…”

Section: Biome Engineering: Modifying the Nutrient Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biome engineering‐2020

Brüssow

2016

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryThe gut microbiome research is going from a descriptive into an intervention phase. To optimize beneficial microbe–host interaction, we need to understand how to steer the system by modulating the nutrient input with which the system is literally fed (e.g. diets, fibres, prebiotics, human milk oligosaccharides), and we must learn how to modulate the composition of the gut microbiota by adding beneficial microbes (e.g. probiotics, faecal transplants) and by eliminating disturbing microbial members using, for example, bacteriophages in this highly complex ecosystem. The current status of the field is reviewed together with an outlook what might be expected until 2020, highlighting obstacles to progress and possible solutions to these problems.

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Association of dietary type with fecal microbiota in vegetarians and omnivores in Slovenia

Cited by 173 publications

References 51 publications

Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota

Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota

The gut microbiota: An emerging risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease

Biome engineering‐2020

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