Association of dietary patterns with insulin resistance and clinically silent carotid atherosclerosis in apparently healthy people

Buscemi, Silvio; Nicolucci, Antonio; Mattina, Alessandro; Rosafio, Giuseppe; Massenti, Fatima Maria; Lucisano, Giuseppe; Galvano, Fabio; Amodio, Emanuele; Pellegrini, Fabio; Barile, Anna Maria; Maniaci, Vincenza; Grosso, Giuseppe; Verga, S; Sprini, Delia; Rini, Giovam Battista

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.172

Cited by 60 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In order to assess the general population's eating pattern preferences, the dietary habits of 1,297 adult Palermo residents were investigated [15]. A diet that could be defined as unhealthy was identified in 21% of the cohort, and was characterized by high consumption of soft drinks, fried foods, seed oils, cured meats, butter, red meat and sweets.…”

Section: Dietary Habits In Sicilymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Ageing: A Sicilian Perspective

Vasto

Buscemi²,

Barera³

et al. 2014

Gerontology

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Traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a common dietary pattern characterizing a lifestyle and culture proven to contribute to better health and quality of life in Mediterranean countries. By analyzing the diet of centenarians from the Sicani Mountains and eating habits of inhabitants of Palermo, it is reported that a close adherence to MedDiet is observed in the countryside, whereas in big towns this adherence is not so close. This has an effect on the rates of mortality at old age (and reciprocally longevity) that are lower in the countryside than in big towns. Concerning the health effects of the diet, the low content of animal protein and the low glycaemic index of the Sicilian MedDiet might directly modulate the insulin/IGF-1 and the mTOR pathways, known to be involved in ageing and longevity. In particular, the reduction of animal protein intake may significantly reduce serum IGF-1 concentrations and inhibit mTOR activity with a down-regulation of the signal that leads to the activation of FOXO3A and, consequently, to the transcription of homeostatic genes that favour longevity. The down-regulation of both IGF-1 and mTORC1 also induces an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition to the effects on sensing pathways, many single components of MedDiet are known to have positive effects on health, reducing inflammation, optimizing cholesterol and other important risk factors of age-related diseases. However, a key role is played by polyphenols represented in high amount in the Sicilian MedDiet (in particular in extra virgin olive oil) that can work as hormetins that provide an environmental chemical signature regulating stress resistance pathways such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.

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Section: Dietary Habits In Sicilymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Ageing: A Sicilian Perspective

Vasto

Buscemi²,

Barera³

et al. 2014

Gerontology

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“…Despite these limitations, this co-twin-control study allows for control of genetic factors, and common environmental and maternal factors with a putative influence on higher IR in monozygotic twins , and then demonstrates evidence for non-genetic associations between IR and weight change from the age of 20 years; however, as we cannot indicate a specific pathway to explain the mediation of non-genetic effect in the relationship between weight change and IR traits, further research is warranted to demonstrate specific environmental factors such as nutrient composition and food pattern (BrandMiller et al, 2009;Buscemi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Environmental Relationships Between Change in Weight and Insulin Resistance: The Healthy Twin Study

2014

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We aimed to investigate the association between weight change from 20 years of age and insulin resistance (IR), and genetic and environmental relationships between these traits. In 594 Korean twins and family members (209 men, 385 women, 44.0 ± 10.8 years old), the percentage of weight change was calculated using self-reported body weight at 20 years of age and currently measured bodyweight. IR traits were assessed using fasting plasma glucose and insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of IR index (HOMA-IR), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Linear mixed analysis was applied after adjusting for household, body mass index (BMI) at the age of 20 years, age, sex, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, and caloric intake. Heritabilities and genetic and environmental correlations were estimated after adjusting for covariates. In 55 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for HOMA-IR level by >0.3, a conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted regarding weight change. Increases in glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR and a decrease in QUICKI were associated with a higher percentage of weight change (p < .05). Estimated heritabilities for IR traits were 0.401-0.606 (p < .001). In cross-trait relationships, environmental correlations were -0.43-0.42 (p < .05 for all IR), while genetic correlations were -0.27-0.27 (p < .05 for QUICKI, insulin, and HOMA-IR). In 55 pairs of monozygotic twins, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for having a higher level of HOMA-IR was 1.10 (1.03-1.17) with 1% increase in weight change since 20 years old, after adjusting for lifestyle-related factors. In conclusion, both genetic and environmental influences played significant roles in the positive association between weight change from 20 years of age and IR.

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“…4). Those with an unhealthy lifestyle were roughly 10 years younger than the Mediterranean lifestyle subgroup, and unhealthy lifestyle was associated with insulin resistance [17]. Being less physically active was associated with metabolic syndrome [21], and eating fish at least 2 times a week was protective against carotid atherosclerosis [22].…”

Section: The Current Western Lifestylementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ABCD study (Alimentazione Benessere Cardiovascolare e Diabete: a nutritional cardiovascular wellness and diabetes study is a single center cross-sectional and longitudinal observational project [17] that focused on this subject, examining a general population cohort in Palermo, Italy, a city in the Mediterranean Basin http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15840340). This experience was of interest since it gave us a measure of what still remains of the Mediterranean lifestyle, which has long been considered among the healthiest of lifestyles [18].…”

Section: The Current Western Lifestylementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and cardiovascular prevention: Is healthy urban living a possible reality or utopia?

Buscemi

Giordano

2017

European Journal of Internal Medicine

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Favoring correct lifestyles is the most important measure to contrast cardiovascular diseases and the epidemic of high cardiovascular risk conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Lifestyle is a broad expression that includes diet, physical exercise, and psychological and socio-economic factors, each of which must be taken into due consideration because of their intertwining influences, which may be a barrier to healthy changes at both the individual and population levels. While physical activity has probably received less attention in the last decades, it is likely the most important among the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Improving the habitual physical activity level is an achievable goal, and even small improvements may have important favorable effects on health. Strategies at the population level have to be urgently taken, and involve not only public health, but also administrators and politicians, starting from a rethinking of our cities.

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Association of dietary patterns with insulin resistance and clinically silent carotid atherosclerosis in apparently healthy people

Abstract: This study suggests that, independent of measures of adiposity, a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with lower insulin resistance.

Cited by 60 publications

References 43 publications

Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Ageing: A Sicilian Perspective

Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Ageing: A Sicilian Perspective

Genetic and Environmental Relationships Between Change in Weight and Insulin Resistance: The Healthy Twin Study

Physical activity and cardiovascular prevention: Is healthy urban living a possible reality or utopia?

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