Association of Dietary Intake of Polyphenols with an Adequate Nutritional Profile in Postpartum Women from Argentina

Abstract

HJ-Biplot analysis is a multivariate graphic representation that collects data covariation structure between variables and individuals to represent them in a low-dimensional space with the highest quality in the same reference system. Consequently, it is a promising technique for evaluating dietary exposure to polyphenols and accurately characterizing female nutrition. Herein, we hypothesized that polyphenol intake defines specific clusters with dietary impacts, which can be assessed using HJ-Biplot, based on a cross-sectional study in Argentina. The study included 275 healthy postpartum women who provided information about their food frequency intake and other conditions, which were then used to evaluate polyphenolic intake using the Phenol-Explorer database. Outcomes were established using HJ-Biplot for clustering and ANOVA to compare their impact on diet quality indicators. Two HJ-Biplot models were run (for intakes >20 mg/d and 5∼20 mg/d, respectively) to identify three clusters per model with excellent statistical fitness to explain the data. Thus, specific polyphenolic clusters with potentially bioactive and safe compounds were defined despite significant interindividual variability. In fact, women with the lowest polyphenolic intake exhibited worse dietary quality, body fat, and physical activity. As a result, HJ-Biplot proved to be an effective technique for clustering women based on their dietary intake of these compounds. Furthermore, cluster membership improved the intake of antioxidants, water, fiber, and healthy fats. Additionally, women with formal jobs and a higher educational level showed a better diet. Dietary polyphenols are critical during postpartum because they exert beneficial effects on women and breastfed infants.

Dietary Intake of Polyphenols Enhances Executive/Attentional Functioning and Memory with an Improvement of the Milk Lipid Profile of Postpartum Women from Argentina

“…Only polyphenols with a medium daily intake ≥5 mg/d were considered for the analyses ( Kesse-Guyot et al 2012 ). This cut off point was previously demonstrated to present health effects ( Miranda et al 2022b ).…”

“…In order to evaluate the quality of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in the maternal diet, the Fat Quality Index (FQI) and the Protein to Carbohydrate Ratio (PCR) were calculated ( Miranda et al 2022b ).…”

“…Contributions and qualities of representation (QLR) for each variable and cluster on the factorial plane were calculated as data fit measures. It was shown that the HJ-Biplot is a valid tool for the study of nutrition and cognitive functioning ( Miranda et al 2022b ; Cadavid Ruiz et al 2018 ). The HJ-Biplot analysis was performed using the MULTBIPLOT software package (multivariate analysis using BIPLOT) ( Vicente-Villardón 2015 ).…”

“…Thus, HJ-Biplot, an innovative methodological approach in nutritional epidemiology, will be applied herein. This statistical method was recently developed to evaluate polyphenols comprehensively and their impact on lactating women ( Miranda et al 2022b ).…”

Polyphenol analysis in human milk by a rapid, cost-effective, and accurate micromethod: translational development

“…The association between HM polyphenol content and dietary polyphenol intake was studied using linear regression adjusted for postpartum time, exclusive breastfeeding occurrence, body fat percentage, metabolic equivalents of task, dietary adherence scoring, protein/carbohydrate ratio, fat quality index, total energy value, and minor intake of other polyphenols. The maternal polyphenol consumption was assessed by the HJ-biplot technique, grouping women according to the intake level of major dietary polyphenols into three clusters: 22 C1: women with low intake of any compound, with total polyphenol mean (SD) in diet being 538.59 (241.35) mg/d (range: 0–1206.48). C2: women with high intake of diverse compounds (hesperetin, caffeic acid, lariciresinol, and ferulic acid), with total polyphenol mean (SD) in diet being 1436.24 (390.27) mg/d (range: 825.78–2884.53).…”