Association of diet with clinical outcomes in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure

Walker, Ashley L.; DeFrancesco, Teresa C.; Bonagura, John D.; Keene, Bruce W.; Meurs, Kathryn M.; Tou, Sandra; Kurtz, K. A.; Aona, Brent; Barron, Lara; McManamey, A; Robertson, James; Adin, Darcy B.

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2021.02.001

Cited by 27 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The lack of significant changes in FS in other previous studies might be related to their retrospective design or limited sample size. The 4 earlier studies also showed significant improvements in left ventricular and left atrial size, although not all of the studies found significant changes in all of these echocardiographic measurements 15‐18 . In our study, LVIDdN, LVIDsN, and LA : Ao all showed significant within‐group improvements in the NTD group, but the mixed models diet group × time interaction for these echocardiographic variables was not significant.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Prospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs eating nontraditional or traditional diets and in dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities

Freeman

Adin

Weeks

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Recent studies have investigated dogs with presumed diet‐associated dilated cardiomyopathy (daDCM), but prospective studies of multiple breeds are needed. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate baseline features and serial changes in echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers in dogs with DCM eating nontraditional diets (NTDs) or traditional diets (TDs), and in dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities (SCA) eating NTD. Animals Sixty dogs with DCM (NTD, n = 51; TDs, n = 9) and 16 dogs with SCA eating NTDs. Methods Echocardiography, electrocardiography, and measurement of taurine, cardiac troponin I, and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide were performed in dogs with DCM or SCA. Diets were changed for all dogs, taurine was supplemented in most, and echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers were reassessed (3, 6, and 9 months). Results At enrollment, there were few differences between dogs with DCM eating NTDs or TDs; none had low plasma or whole blood taurine concentrations. Improvement in fractional shortening over time was significantly associated with previous consumption of a NTD, even after adjustment for other variables (P = .005). Median survival time for dogs with DCM was 611 days (range, 2‐940 days) for the NTD group and 161 days (range, 12‐669 days) for the TD group (P = .21). Sudden death was the most common cause of death in both diet groups. Dogs with SCA also had significant echocardiographic improvements over time. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dogs with DCM or SCA previously eating NTDs had small, yet significant improvements in echocardiographic parameters after diet changes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Prospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs eating nontraditional or traditional diets and in dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities

Freeman

Adin

Weeks

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The current study identified a substantial number of biochemical differences in the 3P/FDA diets, which have been associated with DCM in pet dogs, compared to non-3P/FDA diets 34,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46] . Most (81.9%) biochemical compounds that differed between diet groups were higher in 3P/FDA diets compared to non-3P/FDA diets, and www.nature.com/scientificreports/ four distinguishing ingredients, peas, lentils, chicken/turkey, and rice, which also differed across the diet groups, appear to contribute to these differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent focus on the role of diet in DCM in dogs stems from veterinary reports and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigation of a potential link between certain diets and DCM in dogs 34,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46] . As of September, 2020, > 1100 dogs with DCM had been reported to the FDA 47 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…One of the unique characteristics about the dogs with diet-associated DCM is their outcome. While DCM in dogs is usually a progressive disease with short survival times, multiple studies have shown that dogs with diet-associated DCM have significant echocardiographic improvement and longer survival time after diet change and medical treatment 34,40,[44][45][46] . The diets reported to be associated with DCM often are marketed as "grain-free" and often contain certain ingredients that became part of commercial foods relatively recently (e.g., pulses, potatoes, and sweet potatoes) and lack others (such as rice or corn).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Investigation of diets associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs using foodomics analysis

Smith

Parnell

Lai

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle that affects both humans and dogs. Certain canine diets have been associated with DCM, but the diet-disease link is unexplained, and novel methods are needed to elucidate mechanisms. We conducted metabolomic profiling of 9 diets associated with canine DCM, containing ≥ 3 pulses, potatoes, or sweet potatoes as main ingredients, and in the top 16 dog diet brands most frequently associated with canine DCM cases reported to the FDA (3P/FDA diets), and 9 non-3P/FDA diets. We identified 88 named biochemical compounds that were higher in 3P/FDA diets and 23 named compounds that were lower in 3P/FDA diets. Amino acids, amino acid-derived compounds, and xenobiotics/plant compounds were the largest categories of biochemicals that were higher in 3P/FDA diets. Random forest analyses identified the top 30 compounds that distinguished the two diet groups with 100% predictive accuracy. Four diet ingredients distinguished the two diet groups (peas, lentils, chicken/turkey, and rice). Of these ingredients, peas showed the greatest association with higher concentrations of compounds in 3P/FDA diets. Moreover, the current foodomics analyses highlight relationships between diet and DCM in dogs that can identify possible etiologies for understanding diet-disease relationships in dogs and humans.

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“…Potential explanations include breed-related differences in minimum methionine requirements [ 24 ], which are not accounted for by AAFCO, and non-nutrient factors, such as feeding protocols of pet owners, which directly impact caloric intake and nutritional status of pets. More recently, concerns surrounding a possible association between certain commercial diets and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-like disease in dogs have been accumulating [ 22 , 23 , 25 – 27 ], and many of the implicated diets have a nutritional adequacy claim stating the diet has been formulated to meet the requirements of AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles. The discrepancies between nutritional adequacy claims on pet food labels and the health status of dogs consuming the diets underscore the importance of prospective in vivo evaluation of commercially available pet foods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term amino acid, clinicopathologic, and echocardiographic findings in healthy dogs fed a commercial plant-based diet

Cavanaugh

Gilbert

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Consumer demand for commercially prepared plant-based (PB) dog food is increasing, but studies evaluating the short- or long-term effects of PB diets on canine health are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the short-term amino acid (AA), clinicopathologic, and echocardiographic findings in 34 client-owned dogs fed a commercial extruded plant-based diet (PBD) in which pea protein was the primary protein source and 4 control dogs fed a commercial extruded traditional diet (TD). Plasma AA and whole blood taurine concentrations were measured in dogs at baseline and after 4 weeks on the PBD or the TD. Hematologic, serum biochemical, and echocardiographic testing were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks on the PBD or the TD. Four dogs in the PBD group did not complete the study. All essential AAs, except methionine, were higher in dogs after 4 weeks on the PBD compared to baseline. Taurine (plasma and whole blood) was also higher after 4 weeks on the PBD compared to baseline. A meaningful difference was detected in whole blood taurine between the PBD group and the control group at 4 weeks (P = .026) with the PBD group being higher. Median hematologic and biochemical results for the PBD group were within normal limits at baseline and at 12 weeks. In the PBD group, left ventricular internal diastolic dimension (LVIDd, P = < .001) and normalized LVIDd (P = .031) were higher 12 weeks post-PBD compared to baseline. There were no meaningful differences in left ventricular internal systolic dimension (LVIDs), normalized LVIDs, or fractional shortening 12 weeks post-PBD. There was no statistical evidence of difference between the 2 groups of dogs for any of the echocardiographic parameters at baseline or at 12 weeks. Essential AA or taurine deficiency was not observed in this cohort of dogs fed a commercial extruded PBD. Additionally, clinically relevant hematologic, serum biochemical and echocardiographic alterations were not detected. Further research is required to determine if long-term static feeding of PB diets can meet and maintain AA and other nutrient targets in dogs.

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Association of diet with clinical outcomes in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Prospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs eating nontraditional or traditional diets and in dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities

Prospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs eating nontraditional or traditional diets and in dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities

Investigation of diets associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs using foodomics analysis

Short-term amino acid, clinicopathologic, and echocardiographic findings in healthy dogs fed a commercial plant-based diet

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