Association of Depression and Anxiety Disorders With Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Siegmann, Eva-Maria; Müller, Helge; Luecke, Caroline; Philipsen, Alexandra; Kornhuber, Johannes; Grömer, Teja W.

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0190

Cited by 173 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…Kamble et al reported a significant decrease in the T3 level and an increase in the T4 level in depressed middle-aged adults (mean age 40.2 ± 10.3 years) (20). Siegmann et al reported the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis as 4% -13% in the United States and found that these patients could experience more psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, besides somatic complications (21). Grigorova and Sherwin found no significant correlations between thyroid hormone levels and scores on mood, verbal memory, or working memory measures in euthyroid women (mean age 51 years) (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Function and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Five-Year Follow-Up

et al. 2020

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Background: Thyroid function and depressive disorders have a reciprocal correlation. Objectives: This study was performed to assess the association between thyroid function and depressive symptoms in older adults. Methods: In this cohort study, all older adults (aged 60 or over) recruited in the Amirkola Health and Ageing Cohort Project (AHAP) were followed from 2011 to 2016. At a baseline examination, depressive symptoms were assessed using the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Thyroid function was evaluated with the serum levels of T3, T4, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Older adults whose GDS scores showed no depressive symptoms at the baseline were followed for five years. The t-test, ANOVA, logistic regression model, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: Totally, 1,463 individuals completed the first phase of the study. We showed that 623 (45.3%) persons with a mean age of 69.6 ± 7.3 years had mild-to-severe depression and 840 (54.7%) individuals had no depressive symptoms. The baseline thyroid function of the participants showed that the mean levels of T3 (0.330), T4 (0.312), and TSH (0.064) had no significant difference between patients with depressive symptoms and individuals without these symptoms. After the baseline assessment, 571 individuals who did not have depressive symptoms were followed for five years. The results showed that 69 (12.1%) persons were hypothyroid and six (1.1%) were hyperthyroid. Overt or subclinical hypo (P = 0.103) or hyper (P = 0.128) thyroid function had no significant difference between older adults who were depressed and non-depressed. Conclusions: A five-year follow-up of elderly people revealed no significant correlation between depressive symptoms and thyroid function in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Function and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Five-Year Follow-Up

et al. 2020

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“…'nın yaptığı bir meta analizde otoimmün tiroiditi olan hastalarda depresyon ve anksiyete bozuklukları araştırılmıştır. 15 Bu analize depresyon açısından toplam 27 çalışma alınmıştır ve bu çalışmaların %37'sinde (n=10) Beck depresyon ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda otoimmün tiroidit tanısı alan hastalarda depresyon gelişme riskinin sağlıklı kontrollerden 3,3 kat daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Evaluation Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Euthyroid Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Çaklılı¹

2019

Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi

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ÖzAmaç: Hipotiroidi toplumda en sık görülen endokrinolojik hastalıklardan birisidir. Bu çalışmada, Hashimoto hipotiroiditine bağlı tedavi atında ötiroid olan hastalar ile subklinik hipotirodi tanısı alan hastalarda depresif semptom varlığı araştırılarak sağlıklı kontroller ile karşılaştırıldı. Yöntem: Bu çalışma Kocaeli Devlet Hastanesi İç Hastalıkları Kliniği'nde 2017-2019 yılları arasında yürütüldü. Kocaeli Devlet Hastanesi İç Hastalıkları Kliniği'nde tiroid hastalığı nedeni ile takip edilen hastalar, tiroid fonksiyon testi sonuçlarına göre tedavi altında ötiroid olan Hashimoto tiroiditi olanlar ve subklinik hipotiroidisi olanlar şeklinde ikiye ayrıldı. Her iki gruba da Beck depresyon ölçeği uygulandı. Ayrıca bir kontrol grubu oluşturularak aynı ölçek uygulandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 43 hasta ve 31 kontrol alındı. Bunlardan 32'si ötiroid seyreden Hashimoto tiroiditi olan, 11'i de subklinik hipotiroidisi olan hastalardı. Ötiroid hastaların ortalama tiroid stimulan hormon (TSH) düzeyi 2,3±0,9 mU/L iken subklinik hipotiroidisi olan hastalarınki 8,2±2,7 mU/L idi. Hastaların ortalama Beck depresyon skoru 14,1±8,9 idi. Kontrol grubunun ortalama Beck depresyon skoru 6,4±5,2 olarak saptandı. Kontrol grubu ile ötiroid Hashimoto grubu arasında Beck depresyon skoru açısından anlamlı fark saptanırken (p<0,01), ötiroid Hashimotolu hastalar ile subklinik hipotiroidisi olanlar arasındaki fark anlamlılık arz etmedi. Toplam 15 hastanın (%35) depresyon skoru ≥17 olarak saptandı. Ötiroid hastaların %34'ünde (n=11), subklinik hipotiroidisi olan hastaların %36'sında (n=4) orta ve yüksek seviyede depresif semptomlar görüldü. Sonuç: Depresyon hipotiroidi hastalarında nadir görülen bir durum değildir. Gerekli durumlarda araştırılmalıdır. AbstractObjective: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in general population. This study aims to compare depressive symptoms of patients with euthyroid Hashimoto hypothyroidism, patients with new onset subclinical hypothyroidism and healthy controls. Methods: Study was conducted at Kocaeli State Hospital Internal Medicine Clinic between 2017-2019. Patients who were treated for hypothyroidism at Kocaeli State Hospital Internal Medicine Clinic were screened and eligible patients were divided into two groups: patients with euthyroid Hashimoto thyroiditis and patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Beck depression inventory was applied to the groups. Also, a control group was generated and applied the same inventory. Results: Forty-three patients and 31 healthy controls were recruited; 32 had euthyroid Hashimoto thyroiditis whereas 11 had subclinical hypothyroidism. Mean thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level of patients was 2.3±0.9 mU/L and 8.2±2.7 mU/L, respectively. Mean Beck depression inventory score of the patients was 14.1±8.9. Mean score of the control group was 6.4±5.2. Although there was no difference between scores of controls and subclinical hypothyroid patients, there was statistically significant difference between controls and euthyroid patients (p<0.01). There was no stat...

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“…[10,18] Depression remains rare, complicating only 4% of overt hypothyroidism [20] and is often characterized by its severity and its resistance to antidepressant therapy. [21,22] Indeed, the multicenter European study of resistant depression (GSRD Study) performed on 1410 patients, showed that 13% of subjects with a major depressive syndrome had underlying hypothyroidism. [21] This depression appears to be more common in elderly subjects, particularly women, and it has been shown that hypothyroid women are significantly predisposed to the development of depressive syndrome regardless of their basic demographic and socio-economic characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17] Indeed, Siegmann EM meta-analysis in 2018 demonstrated a significant association between hypothyroidism by autoimmune thy- roiditis and depression with an odds ratio of 3.56. [22] The high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines during these thyroiditis, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), are involved in the pathogenesis of associated depressive syndromes. [23] In overt forms, the simple hormone replacement therapy of hypothyroidism significantly improves and even eliminates mood disorders, including depression, in these subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression of the elderly revealing a primary hypothyroidism

et al. 2019

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Introduction Psychiatric manifestations are exceptional during hypothyroidism and are not always easy to diagnose, especially since the clinical signs of hypothyroidism can be confused with those of the depressive syndrome. We report an original observation of depression of the elderly revealing an isolated primary hypothyroidism. Observation A 78-year-old patient, followed for essential hypertension, well-balanced under monotherapy with calcium channel blockers, and without degenerative complications, was referred by her family doctor for depressive syndrome not improved by the specific treatment prescribed and correctly taken for six months. The clinical examination noted in particular macroglossia with dental impressions and dry and cracked skin. The biological assessment showed hypothyroidism with TSH at 28µmol/l. Thyroid ultrasound showed atrophy of the thyroid gland. The thyroid autoimmunity (anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies) was negative. The rest of the biological tests were in the normal range. The diagnosis of Riedel's thyroiditis was retained and the patient was treated with levothyroxine in progressive doses until TSH normalization was achieved. The evolution on the psychiatric level was also favorable with disappearance of the signs of the depression and the anti-depressive treatment was discontinued. Conclusion Depression is rare, complicating only 4% of overt hypothyroidism and its diagnosis is not always easy, especially in the elderly. Hormone replacement therapy significantly improves the depressive syndrome and protects against cognitive decline. Thus, hypothyroidism screening seems appropriate for any depressive syndrome in the elderly.

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Association of Depression and Anxiety Disorders With Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Cited by 173 publications

References 75 publications

Thyroid Function and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Five-Year Follow-Up

Thyroid Function and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Five-Year Follow-Up

Evaluation Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Euthyroid Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Depression of the elderly revealing a primary hypothyroidism

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