Association of dementia and patient outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A multi-center retrospective case-control study

Vekaria, Pratikkumar; Syed, Areej; Anderson, Jeffrey L.; Cornett, Brendon; Bourbia, Amine; Flynn, Michael G.; Kashyap, Rahul; Shah, Asif R

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.1050747

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In contrast, Vekaria et al [ 63 ] reported no significant difference in mortality rates, 90-day admission rates and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 dementia patients as compared to COVID-19 patients without dementia, though, they did report dementia to be the main predictor for ventilator use length in COVID-19 patients. In general, with few exceptions, studies generally imply an increasing probability of acquiring COVID-19 in dementia patients along with facing worsening morbidity and mortality in patients with both COVID-19 and dementia as compared to patients with only one of the two conditions ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Clinical Outcomes Of Covid-19 Infection In Patients With Dem...mentioning

confidence: 93%

COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease: Impact of lockdown and other restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic

Nawaz,

Haider,

Akhtar

2024

Biomol Biomed

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SARS-CoV-2 infection initially results in respiratory distress symptoms but can also lead to CNS and neurological manifestations, significantly impacting COVID-19 patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, strict lockdown measures introduced to curtail the spread of COVID-19 have raised concerns over the wellbeing of patients with dementia and/or Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this review is to discuss the overlapping molecular pathologies and the potential bi-directional relationship between COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s dementia, as well as the impact of lockdown/restriction measures on the neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's dementia patients. Furthermore, we aim to assess the impact of lockdown measures on the neuropsychiatric symptoms of caregivers and how this might influence the degree and quality of care provided to dementia patients. We utilized the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to search for articles on COVID-19, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, lockdown, and caregivers. Our review highlights that patients with Alzheimer’s disease are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and complications, such as greater cognitive decline, which likely arise as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and appear to be further exacerbated by restrictive/lockdown measures. Moreover, lockdown measures introduced during the pandemic have negatively impacted both the neuropsychiatric symptoms of caregivers and their perception of the wellbeing of their Alzheimer’s patients. Thus, additional safeguard measures, along with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, are needed to protect the wellbeing of dementia patients and their caregivers in light of this and possible future pandemics.

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Section: Clinical Outcomes Of Covid-19 Infection In Patients With Dem...mentioning

confidence: 93%

COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease: Impact of lockdown and other restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic

Nawaz,

Haider,

Akhtar

2024

Biomol Biomed

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“…As the virus rapidly spread across borders, healthcare providers and vulnerable populations including the older adult and those with chronic conditions faced tremendous challenges. Individuals with dementia have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19, experiencing accelerated cognitive decline, exacerbated behavioral and psychological symptoms, and increased care needs ( 1 – 3 ). Dementia encompasses progressive neurological disorders that impair higher cognitive functions including memory, language, and thinking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between COVID-19 vaccination and critical outcomes among older adults with dementia: a comparative cohort study

Radomyslsky,

Kivity,

Lidar

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundAs COVID-19 vaccines became available, understanding their potential benefits in vulnerable populations has gained significance. This study explored the advantages of COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with cognitive disorders by analyzing health-related variables and outcomes.MethodsA prospective cohort study analyzed electronic medical records of 25,733 older adults with cognitive disorders and 65,544 older adults without cognitive disorders from March 2020 to February 2022. COVID-19 vaccination status was the primary exposure variable, categorized as fully vaccinated or unvaccinated. The primary outcomes measured were all-cause mortality and hospitalization rates within 14 and 400 days post-vaccination. Data on vaccination status, demographics, comorbidities, testing history, and clinical outcomes were collected from electronic health records. The study was ethically approved by the relevant medical facility’s Institutional Review Board (0075-22-MHS).ResultsVaccinated individuals had significantly lower mortality rates in both groups. In the research group, the mortality rate was 52% (n = 1852) for unvaccinated individuals and 7% (n = 1,241) for vaccinated individuals (p < 0.001). Similarly, in the control group, the mortality rate was 13.58% (n = 1,508) for unvaccinated individuals and 1.85% (n = 936) for vaccinated individuals (p < 0.001), despite higher COVID-19 positivity rates. In the research group, 30.26% (n = 1,072) of unvaccinated individuals tested positive for COVID-19, compared to 37.16% (n = 6,492) of vaccinated individuals (p < 0.001). In the control group, 17.31% (n = 1922) of unvaccinated individuals were COVID-19 positive, while 37.25% (n = 18,873) of vaccinated individuals tested positive (p < 0.001). Vaccination also showed potential benefits in mental health support. The usage of antipsychotic drugs was lower in vaccinated individuals (28.43%, n = 4,967) compared to unvaccinated individuals (37.48%, n = 1,328; 95% CI [0.92–1.28], p < 0.001). Moreover, vaccinated individuals had lower antipsychotic drug prescription rates (23.88%, n = 4,171) compared to unvaccinated individuals (27.83%, n = 968; 95% CI [−1.02 to −0.63], p < 0.001). Vaccination appeared to have a positive impact on managing conditions like diabetes, with 38.63% (n = 6,748) of vaccinated individuals having diabetes compared to 41.55% (n = 1,472) of unvaccinated individuals (95% CI [0.24, 0.48], p < 0.001).DiscussionThe findings highlight the importance of vaccination in safeguarding vulnerable populations during the pandemic and call for further research to optimize healthcare strategies for individuals with cognitive disorders.

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COVID‐19 outcomes among patients with dementia and age‐matched controls who were hospitalized in 21 US health‐care systems

Johnson,

Chin,

Piasecki

et al. 2024

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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INTRODUCTIONCOVID‐19 had devastating impacts worldwide. However, most research examining the impact of dementia on COVID‐19 outcomes has been conducted in Europe and Asia and has not examined dementia subtypes.METHODSA retrospective analysis of electronic health record data from 21 US health‐care systems examined relationships of all‐cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia with in‐hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and hospital stay duration.RESULTSAll‐cause dementia, but not AD or vascular dementia independently, was associated with increased mortality risk, the inclusion of discharge to hospice as a mortality equivalent increased risk for mortality for all‐cause dementia, and AD and vascular dementia. Patients with all‐cause dementia and AD were less likely to be admitted to the ICU than patients without. Patients with any form of dementia had longer hospital stays than patients without.DISCUSSIONDementia was associated with increased mortality or hospice discharge, decreased ICU admissions, and longer hospital stays.Highlights Only all‐cause dementia was associated with increased mortality risk. This risk was lower than what has been published in previous research. Combining mortality and hospice discharge increased risk for all dementia subtypes. All‐cause and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia were associated with decreased intensive care unit admissions. All‐cause, vascular, and AD dementia were associated with longer hospital stays.

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Association of dementia and patient outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A multi-center retrospective case-control study

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease: Impact of lockdown and other restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease: Impact of lockdown and other restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic

Association between COVID-19 vaccination and critical outcomes among older adults with dementia: a comparative cohort study

COVID‐19 outcomes among patients with dementia and age‐matched controls who were hospitalized in 21 US health‐care systems

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